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false--02-01FY20190001326380In addition, the indenture restricts payments of dividends to stockholders (other than dividends payable in shares of capital stock) if one of the following conditions exist: (i) an event of default has occurred, (ii) we could not incur additional debt under the general debt covenant of the indenture or (iii) the sum of the proposed dividend and all other dividends and other restricted payments made under the indenture from the date of the indenture exceeds the sum of 50% of consolidated net income plus 100% of net proceeds from capital stock sales and other amounts set forth in and determined as provided in the indenture. These restrictions are subject to exceptions and qualifications, including that we can pay up to $175 million in dividends to stockholders in each fiscal year and we can pay dividends and make other restricted payments in an unlimited amount if our leverage ratio on a pro forma basis after giving effect to the dividend payment and other restricted payments would be less than or equal to 1.0:1.0.00800000001.481.520.380.0010.0013000000001020000006430000010200000064300000The indenture governing the Senior Notes does not contain financial covenants but does contain covenants which place certain restrictions on us and our subsidiaries, including limitations on asset sales, additional liens, investments, stock repurchases, the incurrence of additional debt and the repurchase of debt that is junior to the Senior Notes.0Borrowing availability under the Revolver is limited to a borrowing base which allows us to borrow up to 90% of the appraisal value of the inventory, in each case plus 90% of eligible credit card receivables, net of certain reserves. The borrowing base provides for borrowing up to 92.5% of the appraisal value during the fiscal months of August through October. Letters of credit reduce the amount available to borrow under the Revolver by an amount equal to the face value of the letters of credit.In the event that excess availability under the Revolver is at any time less than the greater of (1) $30 million or (2) 10% of the lesser of the total commitment or the borrowing base, we will be subject to a fixed charge coverage ratio covenant of 1.0:1.0.Our ability to pay cash dividends, redeem options and repurchase shares is generally permitted, except under certain circumstances, including if either 1) excess availability under the Revolver is less than 30%, or is projected to be within 12 months after such payment or 2) excess availability under the Revolver is less than 15%, or is projected to be within 12 months after such payment, and the fixed charge coverage ratio, as calculated on a pro-forma basis for the prior 12 months is 1.1:1.0 or less.0373000000154000000P3Y 0001326380 2019-02-03 2020-02-01 0001326380 2019-08-03 0001326380 2020-03-20 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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K
☒
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended February 1, 2020
OR
☐
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission File No. 1-32637
 
 
 
GameStop Corp.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its Charter) 
Delaware
 
20-2733559
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
https://cdn.kscope.io/da26cf3f8d1bd1fe8bf5ab24f2ddda65-gmelogoa20.jpg
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
 
 
 
625 Westport Parkway
76051
Grapevine,
Texas
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (817) 424-2000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
 
Trading symbol
 
Name of each exchange
on which registered
Class A Common Stock
 
GME
 
NYSE
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  ☒        No  ☐
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ☐       No  ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒        No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒        No  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
☐
Accelerated Filer
☒
Non-accelerated filer
☐
Smaller reporting company
☐
Emerging growth company
☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐        No  ☒
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of August 2, 2019 was approximately $330.2 million, based upon the closing market price of $3.78 per share of Class A Common Stock on the New York Stock Exchange. (For purposes of this calculation all of the registrant's directors and officers are deemed affiliates of the registrant.)
Number of shares of $.001 par value Class A Common Stock outstanding as of March 20, 2020: 64,457,992
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the definitive proxy statement of the registrant to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.


TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
 
Page
PART I
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 1B.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
 
 
PART II
Item 5.
Item 6.
Item 7.
Item 7A.
Item 8.
Item 9.
Item 9A.
Item 9B.
 
 
 
PART III
Item 10.
Item 11.
Item 12.
Item 13.
Item 14.
 
 
PART IV
Item 15.
Item 16.
 


Disclosure Regarding Forward-looking Statements
This Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Form 10-K”) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). In some cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of terms such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “continues,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “potential,” “predicts,” “pro forma,” “seeks,” “should,” “will” or similar expressions. These statements are only predictions based on current expectations and assumptions and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our or our industry’s actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements included in this Form 10-K are based upon information available to us as of the filing date of this Form 10-K, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any of these forward-looking statements for any reason, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise after the date of this Form 10-K, except as required by law. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in our forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. A number of factors could cause our actual results, performance, achievements or industry results to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K under the heading “Risk Factors,” which are incorporated herein by reference. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described in this Form 10-K.
PART I
ITEM 1.
BUSINESS
General
GameStop Corp. (“GameStop,” “we,” “us,” “our,” or the “Company”), a Delaware corporation established in 1996, is the world's largest video game omni-channel retailer, operates approximately 5,500 stores across 14 countries, and offers the best selection of new and pre-owned video gaming consoles, accessories and video game titles, in both physical and digital formats. GameStop also offers fans a wide variety of POP! vinyl figures, collectibles board games and more. Through GameStop's unique buy-sell-trade program, gamers can trade in video game consoles, games, and accessories, as well as consumer electronics for cash or in-store credit. Our consumer product network also includes www.gamestop.com and Game Informer magazine, the world's leading print and digital video game publication. Our corporate office is located in Grapevine, Texas.
Our fiscal year is composed of the 52 or 53 weeks ending on the Saturday closest to the last day of January. Fiscal year 2019 consisted of the 52 weeks ended on February 1, 2020 ("fiscal 2019"). Fiscal year 2018 consisted of the 52 weeks ended on February 2, 2019 ("fiscal 2018") and fiscal year 2017 consisted of the 53 weeks ended on February 3, 2018 ("fiscal 2017").
Reportable Segments
We operate our business in four geographic segments: United States, Canada, Australia and Europe. We identified these segments based on a combination of geographic areas, which is the basis of how we manage the organization and analyze performance. Our omni-channel sales and profits are driven through both our physical stores and e-commerce properties. Each segment consists primarily of retail operations, with the significant majority of our stores engaged in the sale of new and pre-owned video game systems, software and accessories (which we refer to as video game products). These products are substantially the same regardless of geographic location, with the primary differences in merchandise carried being the timing of the release of new products or technologies in the various segments.
As of February 1, 2020, we had a total of 5,509 stores across all of our segments; United States (3,642), Canada (299), Australia (426) and Europe (1,142). Our stores and e-commerce sites operate primarily under the names GameStopTM (“GameStop”), EB GamesTM (“EB Games”) and Micromania. Through all of our channels, we sell various types of digital products, including downloadable content, network points cards, prepaid digital, prepaid subscription cards and digitally downloadable software and also sell collectible products.
Our segments also include 88 pop culture themed stores selling collectibles, apparel, gadgets, electronics, toys and other retail products for technology enthusiasts and general consumers, with 55 collectibles stores in international markets operating under the Zing Pop Culture brand and 33 stores in the United States operating under the ThinkGeek brand. Our brands also include Game InformerTM (“Game Informer”) magazine, the world's leading print and digital video game publication.
Financial information about our segments is included in Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and Note 16, "Segment Information," of the notes to the consolidated financial statements, included in Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

1

Merchandise
We categorize our sale of products as follows:
•
Hardware and Accessories.  We offer new and pre-owned video game platforms from the major console and PC manufacturers. The current generation of consoles include the Sony PlayStation 4 (2013), Microsoft Xbox One (2013) and the Nintendo Switch (2017). Accessories consist primarily of controllers, gaming headsets, virtual reality products and memory cards.
•
Software.  We offer new and pre-owned video game software for current and certain prior generation consoles. We also sell a wide variety of in-game digital currency, digital downloadable content (“DLC”) and full-game downloads in our store and e-commerce properties.
•
Collectibles. Collectibles consist of licensed merchandise, primarily related to the video game, television and movie industries and pop-culture themes which are sold through our video game store and e-commerce properties, and ThinkGeek and Zing Pop Culture stores.
Trade-In Program
We provide our customers with an opportunity to trade in their pre-owned video game products in our stores in exchange for cash or in-store credit which can be applied towards the purchase of other products. We believe this process drives our higher market share, particularly at launch. We resell these pre-owned video game products, which allows us to be one of the only suppliers of previous generation platforms and related video games. We also operate refurbishment centers in the United States, Canada, Australia and Europe, where defective video game products can be tested, repaired, relabeled, repackaged and redistributed for resale back to our stores.
Store Locations
Our retail stores are generally located in strip centers, shopping malls and pedestrian areas. These locations provide easy access and high frequency of visits and, in the case of strip centers and high-traffic pedestrian stores, high visibility. We target strip centers that are conveniently located, have a mass merchant or supermarket anchor tenant and have a high volume of customers.
Domestic Locations.  The table below sets forth the number and locations of our domestic stores included in the United States segment as of February 1, 2020:
Alabama
59

 
Kentucky
69

 
North Dakota
8

Alaska
6

 
Louisiana
61

 
Ohio
166

Arizona
72

 
Maine
10

 
Oklahoma
46

Arkansas
29

 
Maryland
77

 
Oregon
35

California
355

 
Massachusetts
69

 
Pennsylvania
168

Colorado
57

 
Michigan
95

 
Rhode Island
12

Connecticut
45

 
Minnesota
43

 
South Carolina
66

Delaware
15

 
Mississippi
44

 
South Dakota
10

Florida
231

 
Missouri
64

 
Tennessee
89

Georgia
125

 
Montana
10

 
Texas
357

Guam
2

 
Nebraska
20

 
Utah
27

Hawaii
14

 
Nevada
38

 
Vermont
4

Idaho
16

 
New Hampshire
23

 
Virginia
113

Illinois
131

 
New Jersey
104

 
Washington
72

Indiana
88

 
New Mexico
25

 
West Virginia
29

Iowa
30

 
New York
193

 
Wisconsin
54

Kansas
30

 
North Carolina
129

 
Wyoming
7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Domestic Stores
3,642


2

International Locations.  The table below sets forth the number and locations of our international stores included in our segments in Canada, Europe and Australia as of February 1, 2020:
 
Number
of Stores
Canada
299

   Total Stores - Canada
299

 
 
Australia
383

New Zealand
43

Total Stores - Australia
426

 
 
Austria
22

Denmark (1)
32

Finland (1)
16

France
413

Germany
199

Ireland
48

Italy
343

Norway (1)
22

Sweden (1)
30

Switzerland
17

Total Stores - Europe
1,142

Total International Stores
1,867

Total Stores
5,509

____________
(1)
As a part of the rationalization of our global store base, we are winding down operations in these countries. See Item 7, "Management's Discussion and analysis—Business Strategy," for further information.
PowerUp Rewards
We operate loyalty programs in each of the countries in which we operate our stores. Our U.S. loyalty program, called PowerUp RewardsTM ("PowerUp Rewards"), had approximately 42.0 million members as of February 1, 2020, of which approximately 15.2 million members have purchased or traded at GameStop in the past year. The PowerUp Rewards membership totals include 5.0 million paying members. Our loyalty programs in our video game stores in the remaining countries had approximately 22.2 million members as of February 1, 2020. Our loyalty programs generally offer our customers the ability to sign up for a free or paid membership which gives our customers access to exclusive video game related rewards. The programs' paid memberships generally include a subscription to Game Informer magazine and additional discounts on pre-owned merchandise in our stores.
Game Informer
We publish Game Informer, the world’s largest print and digital video game publication featuring reviews of new title releases, game tips and news regarding current developments in the video game industry. Print and digital versions of the monthly magazine are sold through subscriptions, digitally and through displays in our domestic and international stores. Game Informer magazine is the fifth largest consumer publication in the United States and the largest digital magazine in the United States. The digital version of the magazine is the largest subscription digital magazine in the United States. Game Informer is a part of the PowerUp Rewards Pro loyalty program and is a key feature of each paid PowerUp Rewards membership. Operating results from the English version of Game Informer are included in the United States segment and other international version results from Game Informer operations are included in the segment in which the sales are generated.
Vendors
We purchase our new products worldwide from a broad number of manufacturers, software publishers and distributors. Purchases from the top ten vendors accounted for approximately 77% of our new product purchases in fiscal 2019. Nintendo, Sony, Microsoft, Electronic Arts and Take-Two Interactive accounted for 28%, 18%, 6%, 5% and 5%, respectively, of our new product purchases during fiscal 2019. We have established price protections with our primary video game product vendors in order to reduce our risk of inventory obsolescence.

3

In addition, we generally conduct business on an order-by-order basis, a practice that is typical throughout the industry. We purchase collectibles merchandise from a broad base of domestic and international vendors. We believe that maintaining and strengthening our long-term relationships with our vendors is essential to our operations and continued expansion. We believe that we have very good relationships with our vendors.
Distribution and Information Management
Our operating strategy involves providing a broad merchandise selection to our customers as quickly and as cost-effectively as possible. We use our distribution facilities and inventory management systems to maximize the efficiency of the flow of products to our stores, enhance store efficiency and optimize store in-stock and overall investment in inventory.
Competition
The video game industry is intensely competitive and subject to rapid changes in consumer preferences and frequent new product introductions. We compete with mass merchants and regional chains; computer product and consumer electronics stores; other video game and related specialty stores; toy retail chains; direct sales by software publishers; the online environments operated by Sony (PlayStation Network), Microsoft (XBox Live), Nintendo (Nintendo Switch Online), as well as other online retailers and game rental companies. Video game products are also distributed through other methods such as digital delivery. We also compete with sellers of pre-owned and value video game products and other forms of entertainment activities, including casual and mobile games, movies, television, theater, sporting events and family entertainment centers.
In the U.S., we compete with Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (“Wal-Mart”); Target Corporation (“Target”); Amazon.com, Inc. (“Amazon.com”); and Best Buy Co., Inc. (“Best Buy”), among others. Throughout Europe we compete with Sony, Microsoft, Nintendo, and major consumer electronics retailers such as Media Markt, Saturn and FNAC, major hypermarket chains like Carrefour and Auchan, and online retailer Amazon.com. Competitors in Canada include Wal-Mart and Best Buy. In Australia, competitors include K-Mart, Target and JB HiFi stores.
Market Size
Based upon estimates compiled by various market research firms, including NPD Group, Inc. ("NPD"), International Development Group ("IDG") and DFC Intelligence ("DFC"), we estimate that the market for new physical console video game products was approximately $16 billion in 2019 in the countries in which we operate. This estimated market excludes sales of pre-owned video game products, which are not currently measured by any third-party research firms. Additionally, based on estimates compiled by DFC, we estimate that the market in North America for content in digital format (full-game and add-on content downloads for console and PC, subscriptions, mobile games and social network games) was approximately $20 billion in 2019.
Seasonality
Our business, like that of many retailers, is seasonal, with the major portion of our sales and operating profit realized during the fourth fiscal quarter, which includes the holiday selling season. During fiscal 2019 and 2018, we generated approximately 34% and 37%, respectively, of our sales during the fourth quarter.
Trademarks
We have a number of trademarks and servicemarks, including “GameStop,” “Game Informer,” “EB Games,” “Electronics Boutique,” “ThinkGeek,” “Zing Pop Culture,” “Power to the PlayersTM” and “PowerUp Rewards,” which have been registered by us with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. For many of our trademarks and servicemarks, including “Micromania,” we also have registered or have registrations pending with the trademark authorities throughout the world. We maintain a policy of pursuing registration of our principal marks and opposing any infringement of our marks.
Employees
We have approximately 14,000 full-time salaried and hourly employees and between 22,000 and 42,000 part-time hourly employees worldwide, depending on the time of year. Fluctuation in the number of part-time hourly employees is due to the seasonality of our business. We believe that our relationship with our employees is good. Some of our international employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements, while none of our U.S. employees are represented by a labor union or are members of a collective bargaining unit.

4

Sustainability
We are committed to sustainability and to operating our business in a manner that results in a positive impact to the environment and our communities. Through our trade-in program, we take in software (CDs), gaming consoles and consumer electronics that are otherwise destined for landfills and either refurbish them or recycle them. In 2019 alone, through our U.S. refurbishment center, the company refurbished over 2.5 million pieces of software (CDs) and over 3.0 million consumer electronic devices, and recycled over 1.4 million pounds of e-waste. In addition, we continuously measure and look for cost-effective ways to reduce our carbon emissions and have seen both our total emissions and emissions by store decrease over the past eight years. See the Social Responsibility section of our corporate website (http://news.gamestop.com) for further information on our sustainability efforts. We are not incorporating by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K information or materials contained on our website or that can be accessed through our website.
Available Information
We make available on our corporate website (http://news.gamestop.com), under “Investor Relations — Financial Information,” free of charge, our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file or furnish such material to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The SEC also maintains a website that contains reports, proxy statements and other information about issuers, like GameStop, who file electronically with the SEC. The address of that site is http://www.sec.gov. In addition to copies of our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports, our Code of Standards, Ethics and Conduct is available on our website under “Investor Relations — Corporate Governance” and is available to our stockholders in print, free of charge, upon written request to the Investor Relations Department at GameStop Corp., 625 Westport Parkway, Grapevine, Texas 76051. Any amendments to or waivers of our Code of Standards, Ethics and Conduct or our Code of Ethics for Senior Financial and Executive Officers that apply to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer, controller and persons performing similar functions and that relate to any matter enumerated in Item 406(b) of Regulation S-K promulgated by the SEC will be disclosed on our website. The contents of our corporate website are not part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, or any other report we file, with, or furnish to, the SEC.
ITEM 1A.
RISK FACTORS
An investment in our company involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks below, together with the other information contained in this report, before you make an investment decision with respect to our company. The risks described below are not the only ones facing us. Additional risks not presently known to us, or that we consider immaterial, may also impair our business operations. Any of the following risks could materially adversely affect our business, operating results or financial condition, and could cause a decline in the trading price of our common stock and the value of your investment.
Risks Related to Our Business
Economic conditions in the U.S. and in certain international markets could adversely affect demand for the products we sell.
Sales of our products involve discretionary spending by consumers. Consumers are typically more likely to make discretionary purchases, including purchasing video game products, when there are favorable economic conditions. Consumer spending may be affected by many economic and other factors outside of the Company's control. Some of these factors include consumer disposable income levels, consumer confidence in current and future economic conditions, levels of employment, consumer credit availability, consumer debt levels, inflation, political conditions and the effect of weather, natural disasters, public health crises, including the recent outbreak of coronavirus (or COVID-19), and civil disturbances. The extent to which the coronavirus impacts our results will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of the coronavirus and the actions to contain the coronavirus or treat its impact, among others. These and other economic factors could adversely affect demand for our products, which may negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.
The video game industry has historically been cyclical and is affected by the introduction of next-generation consoles, which could negatively impact the demand for existing products or our pre-owned business.
The video game industry has historically been cyclical in nature in response to the introduction and maturation of new technology. Following the introduction of new video game platforms, sales of these platforms and related software and accessories generally increase due to initial demand, while sales of older platforms and related products generally decrease as customers migrate toward the new platforms. In addition, the features of new consoles or changes to the existing generations of consoles, including any future restrictions or conditions or the ability to play prior generation video games on such consoles, may adversely affect our pre-owned business.




5

The current generation of consoles include the Sony PlayStation 4 (launched in 2013), Microsoft Xbox One (launched in 2013) and the Nintendo Switch (launched in 2017). The Sony PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Xbox One are nearing the end of their cycle as Sony and Microsoft have announced that their next generation consoles are expected to launch during the holiday period of 2020.
We depend upon the timely delivery of new and innovative products from our vendors.
We depend on manufacturers and publishers to deliver video game hardware, software, and consumer electronics in quantities sufficient to meet customer demand. In addition, we depend on these manufacturers and publishers to introduce new and innovative products and software titles to drive industry sales. We have experienced sales declines in the past due to a reduction in the number of new software titles available for sale. Any material delay in the introduction or delivery, or limited allocations, of hardware platforms or software titles could result in reduced sales.
Technological advances in the delivery and types of video games and PC entertainment hardware and software, as well as changes in consumer behavior related to these new technologies, have and may continue to lower our sales.
The current consoles from Sony, Nintendo, and Microsoft have facilitated download technology. In addition, Microsoft sells disc-less consoles that are currently available to consumers. Downloading of video game content to the current generation video game systems continues to grow and take an increasing percentage of new video game sales. If consumers' preference for downloading video game content continues to increase or these consoles and other advances in technology continue to expand our customers’ ability to access and download the current format of video games and incremental content for their games through these and other sources, our customers may no longer choose to purchase video games in our stores or reduce their purchases in favor of other forms of game delivery. As a result, our business and results of operations may be negatively impacted.
If we fail to keep pace with changing industry technology and consumer preferences, we will be at a competitive disadvantage.
The interactive entertainment industry is characterized by swiftly changing technology, evolving industry standards, frequent new and enhanced product introductions, rapidly changing consumer preferences and product obsolescence. Video games are now played on a wide variety of mediums, including mobile phones, tablets, social networking websites and other devices. Browser, mobile and social gaming is accessed through hardware other than the consoles and traditional hand-held video game devices we currently sell.
In order to continue to compete effectively in the video game industry, we need to respond effectively to technological changes and to understand their impact on our customers’ preferences. It may take significant time and resources to respond to these technological changes and changes in consumer preferences. Our business and results of operations may be negatively impacted if we fail to keep pace with these changes.
International events could delay or prevent the delivery of products to our suppliers.
Our suppliers rely on foreign sources, primarily in Asia, to manufacture a portion of the products we purchase from them. As a result, any event causing a disruption of imports, including natural disasters, public health crises, or the imposition of import or trade restrictions in the form of tariffs or quotas could increase the cost and reduce the supply of products available to us, which may negatively impact our business and results of operations. Furthermore, the recent outbreak of the coronavirus in China has resulted in work stoppages at certain suppliers in China that are part of our supply chain. We have not experienced shortages in supply as a result of the interruptions, but if the work stoppages were to be prolonged or expanded in scope, there could be resulting supply shortages which could impact our ability to import certain products on schedule and, accordingly, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our ability to obtain favorable terms from our suppliers may impact our financial results.
Our financial results depend significantly upon the business terms we can obtain from our suppliers, including competitive prices, unsold product return policies, advertising and market development allowances, freight charges and payment terms. We purchase substantially all of our products directly from manufacturers, software publishers and, in some cases, distributors. Our largest vendors are Nintendo, Sony, Microsoft, Electronic Arts and Take-Two Interactive, which accounted for 28%, 18%, 6%, 5% and 5%, respectively, of our new product purchases in fiscal 2019. If our suppliers do not provide us with favorable business terms, we may not be able to offer products to our customers at competitive prices.

6

Our international operations expose us to numerous risks.
We have international retail operations in Australia, Canada and Europe. Because release schedules for hardware and software introduction in these markets can sometimes differ from release schedules in the United States, the timing of increases and decreases in foreign sales may differ from the timing of increases and decreases in domestic sales. We are also subject to a number of other factors that may affect our current or future international operations. These include:
•
economic downturns, specifically in the regions in which we operate;
•
currency exchange rate fluctuations and sovereign debt crises;
•
international incidents, including public health crises such as the coronavirus;
•
natural disasters;
•
government instability; and
•
competitors entering our current and potential markets.
Our operations in Europe are also subject to risks associated with the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union ("EU"). On January 31, 2020, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland officially exited the EU ("Brexit") and entered into a transition period to negotiate the final terms of Brexit. The transition period is expected to end on December 31, 2020. The continued uncertainty regarding the transition and impact of the withdrawal may have an adverse impact on European and global economic conditions. Unfavorable economic conditions could negatively affect consumer demand for our products, which could unfavorably impact our results of operations and financial condition.
Our international operations are also subject to compliance with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other anti-bribery laws applicable to our operations. While we have policies and procedures intended to ensure compliance with these laws, our employees, contractors, representatives and agents may take actions that violate our policies. Moreover, it may be more difficult to oversee the conduct of any such persons who are not our employees, potentially exposing us to greater risk from their actions. Any violations of those laws by any of those persons could have a negative impact on our business.
An adverse trend in sales during the holiday selling season could impact our financial results.
Our business, like that of many retailers, is seasonal, with the major portion of our sales and operating profit realized during the fourth fiscal quarter, which includes the holiday selling season. During fiscal 2019, we generated approximately 34% of our sales during the fourth quarter. Any adverse trend in sales during the holiday selling season could lower our results of operations for the fourth quarter and the entire fiscal year.
Our results of operations may fluctuate from quarter to quarter.
Our results of operations may fluctuate from quarter to quarter depending upon several factors, some of which are beyond our control. These factors include, but are not limited to:
•
the timing and allocations of new product releases including new console launches;
•
the timing of new store openings or closings;
•
shifts in the timing or content of certain promotions or service offerings;
•
the effect of changes in tax rates in the jurisdictions in which we operate;
•
acquisition costs and the integration of companies we acquire or invest in;
•
the mix of earnings in the countries in which we operate;
•
the costs associated with the exit of unprofitable markets, businesses or stores; and
•
changes in foreign currency exchange rates.
These and other factors could affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, and this makes the prediction of our financial results on a quarterly basis difficult. Also, it is possible that our quarterly financial results may be below the expectations of public market analysts.
An important element of our business strategy is to de-densify our global store base. Failure to successfully transfer customers and sales from closed stores to nearby stores could adversely impact our financial results.
As a part of our business strategy, we are de-densifying our global store base, which includes closing stores that are not meeting performance standards or stores at the end of their lease terms with the intent of transferring sales to other nearby locations. We believe that we can ultimately increase profitability by successfully transferring customers and sales to other stores by marketing directly to the PowerUp Rewards members who have shopped in the stores that we plan to close. If we are unsuccessful in marketing to customers of the stores that we plan to close or in transferring sales to nearby stores, our results of operations could be negatively impacted.

7

If we are unable to renew or enter into new leases on favorable terms, our revenue may be adversely affected.
All of our retail stores are located in leased premises. If the cost of leasing existing stores increases, we cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain our existing store locations as leases expire. In addition, we may not be able to enter into new leases on favorable terms or at all, or we may not be able to locate suitable alternative sites in a timely manner. Our revenues and earnings may decline if we fail to maintain existing store locations, enter into new leases, locate alternative sites or find additional sites for new store expansion.
Pressure from our competitors may force us to reduce our prices or increase spending, which could decrease our profitability.
The retail environment is intensely competitive and subject to rapid changes in consumer preferences and frequent new product introductions. We compete with mass merchants and regional chains, including Wal-Mart and Target; computer product and consumer electronics stores, including Best Buy; internet-based retailers such as Amazon.com; other U.S. and international video game and PC software specialty stores located in malls and other locations, such as Carrefour and Media Markt; toy retail chains; direct sales by software publishers; the online environments operated by Sony (PlayStation Network), Microsoft (XBox Live), Nintendo (Nintendo Switch Online), as well as other online retailers and game rental companies. Some of our competitors have longer operating histories and may have greater financial resources than we do or other advantages. In addition, video game products and content are increasingly being digitally distributed and new competitors built to take advantage of these new capabilities are entering the marketplace, and other methods may emerge in the future. We also compete with other sellers of pre-owned video game products and other PC software distribution companies, including Steam. Certain of our mass-merchant competitors are expanding in the market for new and pre-owned video games through aggressive pricing which may negatively affect our margins, sales and earnings for these products. Additionally, we compete with other forms of entertainment activities, including browser, social and mobile games, movies, television, theater, sporting events and family entertainment centers. If we lose customers to our competitors, or if we reduce our prices or increase our spending to maintain our customers, we may be less profitable.
Changes to tariff and import/export regulations may negatively impact our future financial condition and results of operations.
The United States and other countries have from time to time proposed and enacted protectionist trade policies that could increase the cost or reduce the availability of certain merchandise. In particular, the current U.S. administration has made certain changes to import/export tariffs and international trade agreements. The changes announced and made to date do not impact the merchandise that we offer. Any measures that could impact the cost or availability of the merchandise we offer could have an adverse impact on our business because a significant portion of the products we offer are purchased from foreign vendors and manufactured in foreign countries.
Failure to attract and retain executive officers and other key personnel could materially adversely affect our financial performance.
Our success depends upon our ability to attract, motivate and retain a highly trained and engaged workforce, including key executives, management for our stores and skilled merchandising, marketing, financial and administrative personnel. In addition, the turnover rate in the retail industry is relatively high, and there is an ongoing need to recruit and train new store employees. Factors that affect our ability to maintain sufficient numbers of qualified employees include employee morale, our reputation, unemployment rates, competition from other employers and our ability to offer appropriate compensation packages. Our inability to recruit a sufficient number of qualified individuals or our failure to retain key executive officers and other employees in the future may have a negative impact on our business and results of operations.
If our management information systems fail to perform or are inadequate, our ability to manage our business could be disrupted.
We rely on computerized inventory and management systems to coordinate and manage the activities in our distribution centers, as well as to communicate distribution information to the off-site, third-party operated distribution centers with which we work. The third-party distribution centers pick up products from our suppliers, repackage the products for each of our stores and ship those products to our stores by package carriers. We use inventory replenishment systems to track sales and inventory.
Our ability to rapidly process incoming shipments of new release titles and deliver them to all of our stores, either that day or by the next morning, enables us to meet peak demand and replenish stores at least twice a week, to keep our stores in stock at optimum levels and to move inventory efficiently. Our systems are subject to damage or interruption from power outages, telecommunications failures, cyber-attacks, security breaches and catastrophic events. If our inventory or management information systems fail to adequately perform their functions, our business could be adversely affected. In addition, if operations in any of our distribution centers were to shut down or be disrupted or if these centers were unable to accommodate stores in a particular region, our business and results of operations may be negatively impacted.

8

We rely on centralized facilities for refurbishment of our pre-owned products. Any disruption to these facilities could adversely affect our profitability.
We rely on centralized facilities for the refurbishment of many of the pre-owned products that we sell. If any disruption occurred at these facilities, whether due to natural disaster or severe weather, or events such as fire, accidents, power outages, systems failures, or other unforeseen causes, sales of our pre-owned products could decrease. Since we generally obtain higher margins on our pre-owned products, any adverse effect on their sales could adversely affect our profitability.
Our sales of collectibles depend on popularity of and trends in pop culture, and our ability to react to them.
Our sales of collectibles are heavily dependent upon the continued demand by our customers for collectibles, apparel, toys, gadgets, electronics and other retail products for pop culture and technology enthusiasts. The popularity of such products is often driven by movies, television shows, music, fashion and other pop culture influences. The market for, and appeal of, particular types of music, movies, television shows, artists, actors, styles, trends and brands are constantly changing. Our failure to anticipate, identify and react appropriately to changing trends and preferences of customers could lead to, among other things, excess inventories and higher markdowns. There can be no assurance that the collectibles and related products that we sell will appeal to our customers.
We depend on licensed products for a substantial portion of our sales of collectibles and our inability to maintain such licenses and obtain new licensed products would adversely affect our sales of collectibles.
We license from others the rights to sell certain of our collectibles and many of these products contain a third party’s trademarks, designs and other intellectual property. If we are unable to maintain current licenses or obtain new licensed products with comparable consumer demand, our sales of collectibles would decline. Furthermore, we may not be able to prevent a licensor from choosing not to renew a license with us and/or from licensing a product to one of our competitors.
If we do not maintain the security of our customer, employee or company information, we could damage our reputation, incur substantial additional costs and become subject to litigation.
An important part of our business involves the receipt, processing and storage of personal information of our customers and employees, including, in the case of customers, payment information. We have systems and processes in place that are designed to protect against security and data breaches and unauthorized access to confidential information. Nevertheless, cyber-security risks such as malicious software and attempts to gain unauthorized access to data are rapidly evolving and becoming increasingly sophisticated. Techniques or software used to gain unauthorized access, and/or disable, degrade or harm our systems may be difficult to detect for prolonged periods of time, and we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or put in place protective or preventive measures. These attempts to gain unauthorized access could lead to disruptions in our systems, unauthorized release of confidential or otherwise protected information or corruption of data. If individuals are successful in infiltrating, breaking into, disrupting, damaging or otherwise stealing from the computer systems of the Company or its third-party providers, we may have to make a significant investment to fix or replace them, and may suffer interruptions in our operations in the interim, including interruptions in our ability to accept payment from customers and our ability to issue and redeem loyalty points under our Power Up Rewards program. Such an event may also expose us to costly litigation, government investigations, government enforcement actions, fines and/or lawsuits and may significantly harm our reputation with our members and customers. We are continuously working to upgrade our information technology systems and provide employee awareness training around phishing, malware, and other cyber risks to protect our member, customer, employee, and company data against cyber risks and security breaches. Despite these efforts, we have experienced cybersecurity attacks in the past and there is no guarantee that the procedures that we have implemented to protect against unauthorized access to secured data are adequate to safeguard against future data security breaches. While past cybersecurity attacks have not resulted in material losses, a data security breach or any failure by us to comply with applicable privacy and information security laws and regulations could materially impact our business and our results of operations. Moreover, a data security breach or change in applicable privacy or security laws or regulations could require us to devote significant management resources to address the problems created by the breach or such change in laws or regulations and to expend significant additional resources to upgrade further the security measures that we employ to guard against such breaches or to comply with such change in laws or regulations, which could disrupt our business, operations and financial condition.
Damage to our reputation could adversely affect our business and our relationships with our customers.
Our continued success depends upon customers' perception of our Company. Any negative publicity relating to our vendors, products, practices or our Company could damage our reputation. The increased use of social media platforms allows for the rapid dispersal of information, including negative feedback or other commentary, which could negatively impact our reputation and result in declines in customer loyalty and adversely affect our results of operations.

9

If our internal control over financial reporting is ineffective, our business may be adversely affected and we may lose market confidence in our reported financial information which could adversely impact our business and stock price.
Effective internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements and may not prevent or detect misstatements because of inherent limitations. These limitations include, among others, the possibility of human error, inadequacy or circumvention of controls and fraud.
As disclosed in Part II, Item 9A., “Controls and Procedures,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year 2018, we identified control deficiencies during fiscal 2018 that constituted material weaknesses relating to end-user and privileged access to certain information technology systems that support our financial reporting process. In fiscal 2019, management implemented a remediation plan and concluded that the previously identified material weaknesses have been remediated as of February 1, 2020. If we are unable to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, our ability to report financial information timely and accurately could be adversely affected. As a result, we could lose investor confidence and become subject to litigation or investigations, which could adversely affect our business, operations, financial condition and our stock price.
If our vendors fail to provide marketing and merchandising support at historical levels, our sales and earnings could be negatively impacted.
The manufacturers of video game hardware and software have typically provided retailers with significant marketing and merchandising support for their products. As part of this support, we receive cooperative advertising and market development payments from these vendors which enable us to actively promote and merchandise the products we sell and drive sales at our stores and on our websites. We cannot assure you that vendors will continue to provide this support at historical levels. If they fail to do so, our business and results of operations may be negatively impacted.
Restrictions on our ability to purchase and sell pre-owned video game products could negatively affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Our financial results depend on our ability to purchase and sell pre-owned video game products within our stores. Actions by manufacturers or publishers of video game products or governmental authorities to prohibit or limit our ability to purchase or sell pre-owned video game products, or to limit the ability of consumers to play pre-owned video games, could have a negative impact on our results of operations.
Sales of video games containing graphic violence may decrease as a result of actual violent events or other reasons, and our financial results may be adversely affected as a result.
Many popular video games contain material with graphic violence. These games receive an “M” or “T” rating from the Entertainment Software Ratings Board. As actual violent events occur and are publicized, or for other reasons, public acceptance of graphic violence in video games may decline. Consumer advocacy groups may increase their efforts to oppose sales of graphically-violent video games and may seek legislation prohibiting their sales. As a result, our sales of those games may decrease, which could negatively impact our results of operations.
Unfavorable changes in our global tax rate could have a negative impact on our business, results of operations and cash flows.
As a result of our operations in many foreign countries, our global tax rate is derived from a combination of applicable tax rates in the various jurisdictions in which we operate. Depending upon the sources of our income, any agreements we may have with taxing authorities in various jurisdictions and the tax filing positions we take in various jurisdictions, our overall tax rate may be higher than other companies or higher than our tax rates have been in the past. We base our estimate of an annual effective tax rate at any given point in time on a calculated mix of the tax rates applicable to our business and to estimates of the amount of income to be derived in any given jurisdiction. A change in the mix of our business from year to year and from country to country, changes in rules related to accounting for income taxes, changes in tax laws in any of the multiple jurisdictions in which we operate or adverse outcomes from the tax audits that regularly are in process in any jurisdiction in which we operate could result in an unfavorable change in our overall tax rate, which could have a material adverse impact on our business and results of our operations.
Litigation and the outcomes of such litigation could negatively impact our future financial condition and results of operations.
In the ordinary course of our business, we are, from time to time, subject to various litigation and legal proceedings, including matters involving wage and hour employee class actions, stockholder and consumer class actions, tax audits and unclaimed property audits by states. The outcome of litigation and other legal proceedings and the magnitude of potential losses therefrom, particularly class action lawsuits and regulatory actions, is difficult to assess or quantify.


10

Certain of these legal proceedings, if decided adversely to us or settled by us, may require changes to our business operations that negatively impact our operating results or involve significant liability awards that impact our financial condition. The cost to defend litigation may be significant. As a result, legal proceedings may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or liquidity. See Item 3. “Legal Proceedings.”
Legislative actions and changes in accounting rules may cause our general and administrative and compliance costs to increase and impact our future financial condition and results of operations.
In order to comply with laws adopted by the U.S. government or other U.S. or foreign regulatory bodies, we may be required to increase our expenditures and hire additional personnel and additional outside legal, accounting and advisory services, all of which may cause our general and administrative and compliance costs to increase. Significant workforce-related legislative changes could increase our expenses and adversely affect our operations. Examples of possible workforce-related legislative changes include changes to an employer's obligation to recognize collective bargaining units, the process by which collective bargaining agreements are negotiated or imposed, minimum wage requirements, and health care mandates. In addition, changes in the regulatory environment affecting Medicare reimbursements, product safety, supply chain transparency, and increased compliance costs related to enforcement of federal and state wage and hour statutes and common law related to overtime, among others, could cause our expenses to increase without an ability to pass through any increased expenses through higher prices. Environmental legislation or other regulatory changes could impose unexpected costs or impact us more directly than other companies due to our operations as a global retailer. Specifically, environmental legislation or international agreements affecting energy, carbon emissions, and water or product materials are continually being explored by governing bodies. Increasing energy and fuel costs, supply chain disruptions and other potential risks to our business, as well as any significant rule making or passage of any such legislation, could materially increase the cost to transport our goods and materially adversely affect our results of operations. Additionally, regulatory and enforcement activity focused on the retail industry has increased in recent years, increasing the risk of fines and additional operational costs associated with compliance. 
As a seller of certain consumer products, we are subject to various federal, state, local and international laws, regulations, and statutes relating to product safety and consumer protection.
While we take steps to comply with these laws, there can be no assurance that we will be in compliance, and failure to comply with these laws could result in litigation, regulatory action and penalties which could have a negative impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, our suppliers might not adhere to product safety requirements and the Company and those suppliers may therefore be subject to involuntary or voluntary product recalls or product liability lawsuits. Direct costs, lost sales and reputational damage associated with product recalls, government enforcement actions or product liability lawsuits, individually or in the aggregate, could have a negative impact on future revenues and results of operations.
Our Board of Directors elected to eliminate the Company's quarterly dividend, which became effective during the second quarter of fiscal 2019. We have no current plans to pay cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future.
On June 3, 2019, our Board of Directors elected to eliminate the Company's quarterly dividend, which became effective immediately. We have no current plans to pay cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future, therefore, the success of an investment in our common stock will depend entirely upon its appreciation after the point in time it was purchased. Our common stock may not appreciate in value or even maintain the price at which it was purchased.
Risks Relating to Indebtedness
The terms of our 6.75% senior notes due in March 2021 and revolving credit facility may impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us.
The terms of our 6.75% senior notes due in March 2021 ("2021 Senior Notes") and our revolving credit facility may impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us in certain circumstances. These restrictions, among other things, limit our ability to:
•
incur, assume or permit to exist additional indebtedness or guaranty obligations;
•
incur liens or agree to negative pledges in other agreements;
•
engage in sale and leaseback transactions;
•
make loans and investments;
•
declare dividends, make payments or redeem or repurchase capital stock;
•
engage in mergers, acquisitions and other business combinations;
•
prepay, redeem or purchase certain indebtedness;
•
amend or otherwise alter the terms of our organizational documents and indebtedness;
•
sell assets; and
•
engage in transactions with affiliates.

11

We cannot assure that these covenants will not adversely affect our ability to finance our future operations or capital needs or to pursue available business opportunities. A breach of the covenants or restrictions under the indentures for the 2021 Senior Notes, or under our revolving credit facility, could result in an event of default under the applicable indebtedness. Such a default may allow the creditors to accelerate the repayment of the related debt and may result in the acceleration of the repayment of any other debt to which a cross-acceleration or cross-default provision applied. In addition, an event of default under our revolving credit facility would permit the lenders to terminate all commitments to extend further credit under that facility. Furthermore, if we were unable to repay the amounts due and payable under our revolving credit facility, those lenders could proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure that indebtedness. In the event that our lenders or noteholders accelerate the repayment of our borrowings, we and our subsidiaries may not have sufficient assets to repay that indebtedness. See Note 10, "Debt," to our consolidated financial statements for a description of our 2021 Senior Notes and revolving credit facility.
Because of our floating rate credit facility, we may be adversely affected by interest rate changes.
Our financial position may be affected by fluctuations in interest rates, as our revolving credit facility is subject to floating interest rates. Our floating interest rate is partially based on the London interbank offered rate (LIBOR), which is expected to be discontinued after 2021. Our revolving credit facility matures in November 2022, therefore, we anticipate that we will amend our revolving credit facility prior to the LIBOR quotation termination date. There can be no assurances as to what alternative reference rates may be and whether such rates will be more or less favorable than LIBOR and any other unforeseen impacts of the potential discontinuation of LIBOR. Unfavorable interest rates could increase our interest expense, which could negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors, including governmental monetary policies, domestic and international economic and political conditions and other factors beyond our control. If we were to borrow against our revolving credit facility, a significant increase in interest rates could have a negative impact on our results of operations and financial condition.
To service our indebtedness, we will require a significant amount of cash. We may not be able to generate sufficient cash flow to meet our debt service obligations or refinance our debt on favorable terms.
Our ability to generate sufficient cash flow from operations to make scheduled payments on our indebtedness, including without limitation any payments required to be made under our revolving credit facility or to holders of our 2021 Senior Notes, and to fund our operations, will depend on our ability to generate cash in the future. This, to a certain extent, is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative, regulatory and other factors that are beyond our control. If we do not generate sufficient cash flow from operations to satisfy our debt obligations, including interest payments and the payment of principal at maturity, we may have to undertake alternative financing plans, such as refinancing or restructuring our debt, including the 2021 Senior Notes, selling assets, reducing or delaying capital investments or seeking to raise additional capital. We cannot provide assurance that any refinancing would be possible, that any assets could be sold, or, if sold, of the timing of the sales and the amount of proceeds realized from those sales, that additional financing could be obtained on acceptable terms, if at all, or if that additional financing would be permitted under the terms of our various debt instruments, then in effect.
Our revolving credit facility and the indenture governing the 2021 Senior Notes restrict our ability to dispose of assets and use the proceeds from those sales and raise debt or equity to meet any debt service obligations then due. Our ability to refinance would also depend upon the condition of the finance and credit markets. Our inability to generate sufficient cash flow to satisfy our debt obligations, including the 2021 Senior Notes, or to refinance our obligations on commercially reasonable terms or on a timely basis, would have an negative impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Despite current indebtedness levels, we and our subsidiaries may still be able to incur additional debt. This could further increase the risks associated with our leverage.
We are able to incur additional indebtedness. Although our revolving credit facility and the indentures for our 2021 Senior Notes contain restrictions on the incurrence of additional indebtedness, these restrictions are subject to a number of qualifications and exceptions, and the additional indebtedness incurred in compliance with these restrictions could be substantial. These restrictions also will not prevent us from incurring obligations that do not constitute indebtedness. Such future indebtedness or obligations may have restrictions similar to, or more restrictive than, those included in the indentures for our 2021 Senior Notes or our revolving credit facility. The incurrence of additional indebtedness could impact our financial condition and results of operations.
ITEM 1B.
UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.

12



ITEM 2.
PROPERTIES
All of our stores are leased. Store leases typically provide for a lease term of one to five years, plus renewal options. This arrangement gives us the flexibility to pursue extension or relocation opportunities that arise from changing market conditions. We believe that, as current leases expire, we will be able to obtain either renewals at present locations, leases for equivalent locations in the same area, or be able to close the stores with expiring leases and transfer enough of the sales to other nearby stores to improve, if not at least maintain, profitability.
The terms of the store leases, including reasonably certain options, for the 5,509 leased stores open as of February 1, 2020 expire as follows:
Lease Terms to Expire During(1)
 
Number
of Stores
Fiscal 2020
 
2,333

Fiscal 2021
 
1,399

Fiscal 2022
 
896

Fiscal 2023
 
396

Fiscal 2024 and later
 
485

Total
 
5,509

__________________________________________________
(1)
Our fiscal year is composed of the 52 or 53 weeks ending on the Saturday closest to January 31st.
As of February 1, 2020, we owned seven and leased 11 office and distribution facilities, totaling approximately 2.3 million square feet. The lease expiration dates for the leased facilities range from 2020 to 2028, with an average remaining lease life, including reasonably certain options, of approximately six years. Our principal facilities are as follows:
Location
 
Square
Footage
 
Owned or
Leased
 
Use
Grapevine, Texas, USA
 
519,000

 
Owned
 
Distribution and administration
Grapevine, Texas, USA
 
182,000

 
Owned
 
Manufacturing and distribution
Shepherdsville, Kentucky, USA
 
631,000

 
Leased
 
Distribution
Brampton, Ontario, Canada
 
119,000

 
Owned
 
Distribution and administration
Eagle Farm, Queensland, Australia
 
185,000

 
Owned
 
Distribution and administration
Milan, Italy
 
123,000

 
Owned
 
Distribution and administration
Additional information regarding our properties can be found in Item 1, “Business—Store Operations” and Item 1, “Business—Site Selection and Locations” in this Form 10-K.
ITEM 3.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
In the ordinary course of business, we are, from time to time, subject to various legal proceedings, including matters involving wage and hour employee class actions, stockholder and consumer class actions, tax audits and unclaimed property audits by states. We may enter into discussions regarding settlement of these and other types of legal proceedings, and may enter into settlement agreements, if we believe settlement is in the best interest of our stockholders. We do not believe that any such existing legal proceedings or settlements, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material effect on our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.
ITEM 4.
MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.

13

PART II
ITEM 5.
MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Our Class A Common Stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “GME.”
As of March 20, 2020, there were approximately 1,425 record holders of our Class A Common Stock.
Dividends
On June 3, 2019, our Board of Directors elected to eliminate the Company’s quarterly dividend, effective immediately, in an effort to strengthen the Company's balance sheet and provide increased financial flexibility. We paid an aggregate of $157.4 million in cash dividends in fiscal 2018 and $40.5 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2019. We believe the decision to eliminate the dividend will enable us to further reduce debt and provide us flexibility as we seek to employ a capital allocation strategy focused on optimizing long-term value creation for our stakeholders.
Stock Comparative Performance Graph
The following graph compares the cumulative total stockholder return on our Class A Common Stock for the period commencing January 30, 2015 through January 31, 2020 (the last trading date of fiscal 2019) with the cumulative total return on the Standard & Poor’s 500 Stock Index (the “S&P 500”) and the Dow Jones Retailers, Other Specialty Industry Group Index (the “Dow Jones Specialty Retailers Index”) over the same period. Total return values were calculated based on cumulative total return assuming (i) the investment of $100 in our Class A Common Stock, the S&P 500 and the Dow Jones Specialty Retailers Index on January 30, 2015 and (ii) reinvestment of dividends.
The following stock performance graph and related information shall not be deemed “soliciting material” or “filed” with the SEC, nor should such information be incorporated by reference into any future filings under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that we specifically incorporate it by reference in such filing.
https://cdn.kscope.io/da26cf3f8d1bd1fe8bf5ab24f2ddda65-gmeperformancegraphfy20.jpg
 
1/30/2015
 
1/29/2016
 
1/27/2017
 
2/2/2018
 
2/1/2019
 
1/31/2020
GME
$
100.00

 
$
77.09

 
$
75.38

 
$
54.07

 
$
41.41

 
$
14.64

S&P 500 Index
$
100.00

 
$
99.33

 
$
120.04

 
$
147.44

 
$
147.35

 
$
179.10

Dow Jones Specialty Retailers Index
$
100.00

 
$
103.02

 
$
119.63

 
$
153.96

 
$
176.49

 
$
193.73


14

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Our purchases of our equity securities during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019 were as follows:
Fiscal Period
 
Total
Number of
Shares
Purchased (3)
 
Weighted-Average
Price Paid per
Share
 
Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Announced Plans or
Programs
 
Approximate Dollar
Value of Shares that
May Yet Be Purchased
Under the Plans or
Programs (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(In millions)
November 3 through November 30, 2019(2)
 
1,832,574

 
$
5.76

 
1,832,369

 
$
110.8

December 1 through January 4, 2020(2)
 
1,681,883

 
$
5.69

 
1,675,056

 
$
101.3

January 5, 2020 through February 1, 2020
 
—

 
$
—

 
—

 
$
101.3

Total
 
3,514,457

 
$
5.73

 
3,507,425

 
$
101.3

_______________________
(1)
In March 2019, we publicly announced that our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program allowing our management to repurchase up to $300 million of our Class A Common Stock with no expiration date.
(2)
During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019, we executed a series of open market repurchases for an aggregate of 3.5 million shares of our Class A common stock totaling $20.1 million.
(3)
Under our 2011 and 2019 Incentive Plans, approved by our Board of Directors and our stockholders, the Company withheld 7,032 shares of common stock from certain employees to satisfy minimum tax withholding obligations relating to the vesting of their restricted stock awards.

15

ITEM 6.
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following table sets forth our selected consolidated financial and operating data for the five fiscal years ended February 1, 2020. Our fiscal year is composed of 52 or 53 weeks ending on the Saturday closest to January 31. All fiscal years presented below consisted of 52 weeks, except for the fiscal year 2017, which consisted of 53 weeks. The “Statement of Operations Data” for fiscal 2019, fiscal 2018, fiscal 2017 and fiscal 2016 and the “Balance Sheet Data” as of February 1, 2020, February 2, 2019 and February 3, 2018 are derived from current and prior audited consolidated financial statements. The “Statement of Operations Data” for fiscal 2015 and the “Balance Sheet Data” as of January 28, 2017 and January 30, 2016 are derived from unaudited consolidated financial statements. The unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as our audited consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of this data.
The selected financial data set forth below should be read in conjunction with Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 
Fiscal Year
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
(In millions, except statistical and per share data)
Statement of Operations Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net sales
$
6,466.0

 
$
8,285.3

 
$
8,547.1

 
$
7,965.0

 
$
9,018.9

Net (loss) income from continuing operations (1)
$
(464.4
)
 
$
(794.8
)
 
$
230.4

 
$
304.5

 
$
379.2

Diluted Per Share Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Loss) earnings per share from continuing operations
$
(5.31
)
 
$
(7.79
)
 
$
2.27

 
$
2.93

 
$
3.55

Dividends per common share
$
0.38

 
$
1.52

 
$
1.52

 
$
1.48

 
$
1.44

Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted
87.5

 
102.1

 
101.5

 
103.8

 
106.7

Store Operating Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Comparable store sales (decrease) increase
(19.4
)%
 
(0.3
)%
 
5.8
%
 
(11.0
)%
 
4.3
%
Number of stores at fiscal year end
5,509

 
5,830

 
5,947

 
6,132

 
6,227

Balance Sheet Data at Fiscal Year End:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
2,819.7

 
$
4,044.3

 
$
5,041.6

 
$
4,975.9

 
$
4,330.3

Total debt, net (2)
$
419.8

 
$
820.8

 
$
817.9

 
$
815.0

 
$
345.4

Total liabilities
$
2,208.2

 
$
2,708.1

 
$
2,827.1

 
$
2,721.8

 
$
2,249.3

___________________
(1)
Fiscal 2019 and 2018 include goodwill impairment charges totaling $363.9 million and $970.7 million, respectively.
(2)
In March 2016, we issued $475 million aggregate principal of 6.75% unsecured senior notes due in March 2021. In September 2014, we issued $350.0 million aggregate principal of 5.50% unsecured senior notes due in October 2019. On April 4, 2019, we used cash on hand to redeem all of our $350.0 million unsecured senior notes due October 2019. In addition, during fiscal 2019, we executed a series of open market purchases of our 2021 Senior Notes resulting in $53.6 million in aggregate principal amount being repurchased. See Note 10, "Debt," to our consolidated financial statements for additional information.

16

ITEM 7.
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the information contained in our consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto. Statements regarding future economic performance, management’s plans and objectives, and any statements concerning assumptions related to the foregoing contained in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations constitute forward-looking statements. Certain factors, which may cause actual results to vary materially from these forward-looking statements, accompany such statements or appear elsewhere in this Form 10-K, including the factors disclosed under Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors.”
OVERVIEW
GameStop Corp. (“GameStop,” “we,” “us,” “our,” or the “Company”), a Delaware corporation established in 1996, is the world's largest video game retailer, operates approximately 5,500 stores across 14 countries, and offers the best selection of new and pre-owned video gaming consoles, accessories and video game titles, in both physical and digital formats. GameStop also offers fans a wide variety of POP! vinyl figures, collectibles board games and more. Through GameStop's unique buy-sell-trade program, gamers can trade in video game consoles, games, and accessories, as well as consumer electronics for cash or in-store credit. Our consumer product network also includes www.gamestop.com and Game Informer magazine, the world's leading print and digital video game publication. Our corporate office is located in Grapevine, Texas.
We operate our business in four geographic segments: United States, Canada, Australia and Europe. Our fiscal year is composed of the 52 or 53 weeks ending on the Saturday closest to the last day of January. Fiscal year 2019 consisted of the 52 weeks ended on February 1, 2020 ("fiscal 2019"). Fiscal year 2018 consisted of the 52 weeks ended on February 2, 2019 ("fiscal 2018") and fiscal year 2017 consisted of the 53 weeks ended on February 3, 2018 ("fiscal 2017"). The discussion and analysis of our results of operations refers to continuing operations unless otherwise noted.

The near-term global economic conditions have been adversely impacted by the emergence of a novel coronavirus in China, identified as COVID-19, which continues to spread throughout the United States and other parts of the world. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID-19 as a pandemic. In an effort to mitigate the continued spread of the virus, governments have imposed quarantines, travel restrictions and similar measures. We have temporarily closed stores on a country-wide basis in Europe, primarily in Italy and France, as well as in Canada, which became effective in various points in March 2020. In the United States, effective March 22, 2020, we have temporarily closed all storefronts to customers but continue to process orders on a digital only basis, offering curbside pick-up at stores and e-commerce delivery only. As a result of these actions and restrictions, we expect a significant reduction in customer traffic and demand.
Growth in the video game industry is generally driven by the introduction of new technology. Gaming consoles have historically
launched in five to seven-year cycles as technological developments provide significant improvements in the gaming experience and add other entertainment capabilities. Consumer demand for gaming consoles are typically the highest in the early years of the cycle and the weakest in the latter years. The current generation of consoles include the Sony PlayStation 4 (launched in 2013), Microsoft Xbox One (launched in 2013) and the Nintendo Switch (launched in 2017). The Sony PlayStation 4 and Microsoft Xbox One are nearing the end of their cycle as Sony and Microsoft have announced that their next generation consoles are expected to launch during the holiday period of 2020.
The sale of video games delivered through digital channels and other forms of gaming continue to grow and take an increasing percentage of physical video game sales. We currently sell various types of products that relate to the digital category, including digitally downloadable content (“DLC”), full-game downloads, Xbox LIVE, PlayStation Plus and Nintendo network points cards, as well as prepaid digital and prepaid subscription cards. We have made significant investments in e-commerce and in-store and website functionality to enable our customers to access digital content to facilitate the digital sales and delivery process. We plan to continue to invest in these types of processes and channels to grow our digital sales base and enhance our market leadership position in the video game industry and in the digital aggregation and distribution category.
In our discussion of the results of operations, we refer to comparable store sales, which is a measure commonly used in the retail industry and indicates store performance by measuring the growth or decline in sales for certain stores for a particular period over the corresponding period in the prior year. Our comparable store sales are comprised of sales from our video game stores, including stand-alone collectible stores, operating for at least 12 full months as well as sales related to our websites and sales we earn from sales of pre-owned merchandise to wholesalers or dealers. Comparable store sales for our international operating segments exclude the effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The calculation of comparable store sales compares the fiscal year ended to the most closely comparable weeks for the prior year period. The method of calculating comparable store sales varies across the retail industry. As a result, our method of calculating comparable store sales may not be the same as other retailers’ methods. We believe our calculation of comparable store sales best represents our strategy as an omnichannel retailer that provides its consumers several ways to access its products.


17

BUSINESS STRATEGY
In May of 2019, we announced our multi-year transformation initiative, which we refer to as GameStop Reboot, to position GameStop on the correct strategic path and fully leverage our unique position and brand in the video game industry. Our strategic plan is anchored on the following four tenets. 

Optimize the core business. Improve the efficiency and effectiveness of operations across the organization, including cost restructuring, inventory management optimization, adding and growing high margin product categories, and rationalizing the global store base.

Become the social / cultural hub for gaming. Create the social and cultural hub of gaming across the GameStop platform and offerings.

Build a frictionless digital ecosystem. Develop and deploy a frictionless consumer facing digital omni-channel environment, including the recent relaunch of GameStop.com, to reach customers more broadly across all channels and provide them the full spectrum of content and access to products they desire, anytime, anywhere. 

Transform vendor partnerships. Transform our vendor and partner relationships to unlock additional high-margin revenue streams and optimize the lifetime value of every customer.

Connected to our transformation efforts, we have incurred and expect to incur future costs including, but not limited to, consulting fees, severance and store closure costs. See "Consolidated Results from Operations—Selling, General and Administrative Expenses" for further information.

We remain committed to a capital allocation strategy focused on optimizing long-term value creation. With this approach, we will return capital to shareholders when the time is right and balance that opportunity against the need to maintain a strong balance sheet and to invest in responsible growth that will drive innovation for the business. During fiscal 2019, we repurchased 38.1 million shares for an aggregate purchase price of $198.7 million under our authorized repurchase program.
STORE COUNT INFORMATION
The following table presents the number of stores by segment that were opened and disposed of during fiscal 2019:
 
February 2, 2019
 
Opened
 
Disposed
 
February 1, 2020
United States
3,846

 
6

 
(210
)
 
3,642

Canada
311

 
—

 
(12
)
 
299

Australia
462

 
2

 
(38
)
 
426

Europe
1,211

 
4

 
(73
)
 
1,142

Total Stores
5,830

 
12

 
(333
)
 
5,509

SEASONALITY
Our business, like that of many retailers, is seasonal, with the major portion of sales and operating profit realized during the fourth quarter which includes the holiday selling season. Results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be achieved for a full fiscal year. Quarterly results may fluctuate materially depending upon, among other factors, the timing of new product introductions and new store openings, sales contributed by new stores, increases or decreases in comparable store sales, the nature and timing of acquisitions, adverse weather conditions, shifts in the timing of certain holidays or promotions and changes in our merchandise mix.

18

CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table sets forth certain statement of operations items (in millions) and as a percentage of net sales, for the periods indicated: 
 
 
Fiscal Year 2019
 
Fiscal Year 2018
 
Fiscal Year 2017
 
 
Amount
 
Percent of Net Sales
 
Amount
 
Percent of Net Sales
 
Amount
 
Percent of Net Sales
Net sales
 
$
6,466.0

 
100.0
 %
 
$
8,285.3

 
100.0
 %
 
$
8,547.1

 
100.0
 %
Cost of sales
 
4,557.3

 
70.5

 
5,977.2

 
72.1

 
6,062.2

 
70.9

Gross profit
 
1,908.7

 
29.5

 
2,308.1

 
27.9

 
2,484.9

 
29.1

Selling, general and administrative expenses
 
1,922.7

 
29.8

 
1,994.2

 
24.2

 
2,031.9

 
23.8

Goodwill impairments
 
363.9

 
5.6

 
970.7

 
11.7

 
—

 
—

Asset impairments
 
21.7

 
0.3

 
45.2

 
0.5

 
13.8

 
0.2

Operating (loss) earnings
 
(399.6
)
 
(6.2
)
 
(702.0
)
 
(8.5
)
 
439.2

 
5.1

Interest expense, net
 
27.2

 
0.4

 
51.1

 
0.6

 
55.3

 
0.6

(Loss) earnings from continuing operations before income taxes
 
(426.8
)
 
(6.6
)
 
(753.1
)
 
(9.1
)
 
383.9

 
4.5

Income tax expense
 
37.6

 
0.6

 
41.7

 
0.5

 
153.5

 
1.8

Net (loss) income from continuing operations
 
(464.4
)
 
(7.2
)
 
(794.8
)
 
(9.6
)
 
230.4

 
2.7

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
 
(6.5
)
 
(0.1
)
 
121.8

 
1.5

 
(195.7
)
 
(2.3
)
Net (loss) income
 
$
(470.9
)
 
(7.3
)%
 
$
(673.0
)
 
(8.1
)%
 
$
34.7

 
0.4
 %
The following table sets forth net sales by significant product category for the period indicated (dollars in millions):
 
 
Fiscal Year 2019
 
Fiscal Year 2018
 
Fiscal Year 2017
 
 
Net Sales
 
Percent of Net Sales
 
Net Sales
 
Percent of Net Sales
 
Net Sales
 
Percent of Net Sales
Hardware and accessories
 
$
2,722.2

 
42.1
%
 
$
3,717.8

 
44.9
%
 
$
3,651.0

 
42.7
%
Software
 
3,006.3

 
46.5

 
3,856.5

 
46.5

 
4,257.4

 
49.8

Collectibles
 
737.5

 
11.4

 
711.0

 
8.6

 
638.7

 
7.5

Total
 
$
6,466.0

 
100.0
%
 
$
8,285.3

 
100.0
%
 
$
8,547.1

 
100.0
%
Net sales by reportable segment in U.S. dollars were as follows (in millions):
 
 
Fiscal Year 2019
 
Fiscal Year 2018
 
Fiscal Year 2017
 
 
Net Sales
 
Percent of Net Sales
 
Comparable Store Sales
 
Net Sales
 
Percent of Net Sales
 
Comparable Store Sales
 
Net Sales
 
Percent of Net Sales
 
Comparable Store Sales
United States
 
$
4,497.7

 
69.6
%
 
(20.9
)%
 
5,800.2

 
70.0
%
 
1.8
 %
 
5,876.0

 
68.7
%
 
4.3
%
Canada
 
344.2

 
5.3

 
(18.9
)
 
434.5

 
5.2

 
3.1

 
434.9

 
5.1

 
10.0

Australia
 
525.4

 
8.1

 
(12.0
)
 
645.4

 
7.8

 
(3.4
)
 
702.2

 
8.2

 
8.2

Europe
 
1,098.7

 
17.0

 
(16.8
)
 
1,405.2

 
17.0

 
(7.7
)
 
1,534.0

 
18.0

 
9.5

Total
 
$
6,466.0

 
100.0
%
 
(19.4
)%
 
$
8,285.3

 
100.0
%
 
(0.3
)%
 
8,547.1

 
100.0
%
 
5.8
%


19

Fiscal 2019 Compared to Fiscal 2018
Net Sales
Net sales decreased $1,819.3 million, or 22.0%, in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018. The decrease in net sales was primarily attributable to a decrease in comparable store sales of 19.4% and the impact of 321 net global store closures. The decrease in comparable store sales was primarily driven by lower demand for the current generation consoles from Sony and Microsoft as they near the end of their console cycle, a decline in software sales as well as a decline of audio-related and other accessories related to the growth in battle-royale gaming in fiscal 2018. The decrease in sales of software was primarily due to a reduction in the number and success of title releases compared to the prior year. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in sales of Nintendo Switch products and collectibles.
Net sales for fiscal 2019 in our United States, Canada, Australia and Europe segments declined by 22.5%, 20.8%, 18.6% and 21.8%, respectively, when compared to fiscal 2018. Comparable store sales in the United States, Canada, Australia and Europe decreased by 20.9%, 18.9%, 12.0% and 16.8%, respectively, primarily due to the same factors described above. In addition, Australia and Europe were negatively impacted by foreign exchange rate fluctuations of $32.7 million and $52.8 million, respectively.
Gross Profit
Gross profit decreased $399.4 million, or 17.3%, in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018, and gross profit as a percentage of net sales increased to 29.5% in fiscal 2019 compared to 27.9% in fiscal 2018. The increase in gross profit as a percentage of net sales was primarily due to a shift in product mix to higher margin products, driven by the decline in lower margin video game hardware sales, as well as lower promotional activity in the fiscal 2019 holiday season compared to the fiscal 2018 holiday season.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses decreased $71.5 million, or 3.6%, in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018, primarily driven by approximately $79.0 million in cost reduction efforts and variable expenses due to lower sales, the positive impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations of $30.6 million and the impact of store closures of approximately $20.0 million, which were partially offset by costs associated with our transformation initiatives and severance totaling $60.7 million.
Goodwill and Asset Impairments
Goodwill and asset impairments decreased $630.3 million, or 62.0% in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018, primarily due to a decrease in goodwill impairment charges. During fiscal 2019 and 2018, we recognized goodwill impairment charges totaling $363.9 million and $970.7 million, respectively. See Note 7, “Goodwill and Intangible Assets,” to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information. We have no remaining goodwill balances as of February 1, 2020.
Interest Expense, Net
Interest expense, net decreased by $23.9 million, or 46.8%, for fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018, primarily due to the redemption of our $350.0 million unsecured senior notes during the first quarter of fiscal 2019.
Income Tax
Income tax expense was $37.6 million, representing a negative effective tax rate of 8.8% in fiscal 2019, compared to $41.7 million in fiscal 2018, representing a negative effective tax rate of 5.5%. The negative effective tax rate of 8.8% in fiscal 2019 is primarily the result of a permanent difference for non-deductible impairment charges and valuation allowances recognized in the year. The negative effective tax rate of 5.5% in fiscal 2018 was primarily the result of non-deductible impairment charges and the settlement of the tax dispute in France. See Note 8, "Income Taxes," to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report for additional information.
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax
On January 16, 2019, we completed the sale of all of the equity interest in our wholly-owned subsidiary Spring Communications Holding, Inc. ("Spring Mobile") to Prime Acquisition Company, LLC ("Prime"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Prime Communications, L.P., pursuant to an Equity Purchase Agreement dated as of November 21, 2018. The net cash proceeds received from the sale at closing totaled $727.9 million. We recognized a gain on sale in fiscal 2018 of $100.8 million ($65.4 million, net of tax). During fiscal 2019, we were unable to settle on proposed working capital adjustments with Prime and, as a result, the proposed adjustments were submitted to arbitration proceedings under the terms of the Equity Purchase Agreement. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019, we recognized a charge of $5.5 million million related to the final working capital adjustments settled through arbitration proceedings. We have no significant contingencies or continuing involvement with Spring Mobile.

20

Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax, totaled $6.5 million in fiscal 2019 compared to income from discontinued operations, net of tax, of $121.8 million in fiscal 2018. Income from discontinued operations, net of tax, in fiscal 2018 includes the gain on sale, net of tax, of $65.4 million. Refer to Note 2, "Discontinued Operations and Dispositions," to our consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Fiscal 2018 Compared to Fiscal 2017
Net Sales
Net sales decreased $261.8 million, or 3.1%, in fiscal 2018 compared to fiscal 2017. The decrease in net sales was primarily attributable to fiscal 2017 including 53 weeks compared to 52 weeks in fiscal 2018, the impact of 117 store closures (net of openings), the negative impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations and a decrease in comparable stores sales of 0.3%. Sales for the 53rd week included in fiscal 2017 were approximately $132.7 million. The decrease in comparable store sales was primarily driven by a decrease in software sales, partially offset by an increase in sales of collectibles and hardware and accessories. The decrease in sales of software was primarily due to weaker new title releases in the first half of fiscal 2018 and weakening demand as a result of increasing digital adoption, partially offset by an increase in sales of Nintendo Switch titles due to the expansion of the hardware install base and increase of new release titles. The increase in sales of collectibles was primarily driven by new and improved product offerings. The increase in sales of hardware and accessories was primarily driven by growth in sales of audio-related and other accessories associated with the battle-royale gaming genre.
Net sales for fiscal 2018 in the United States, Australia and Europe declined by 1.3%, 8.1% and 8.4%, respectively, when compared to fiscal 2017. Net sales in Canada were essentially flat compared to the prior year. Net sales in the United States were negatively affected by the impact of the 53rd week in fiscal 2017 of approximately $91.1 million and the impact of 66 stores closures (net of openings), which were partially offset by a comparable store sales increase of 1.8%. Comparable store sales in Canada increased by 3.1%, which was offset by the negative impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations of $9.2 million and the impact of the 53rd week in fiscal 2017 of approximately $6.4 million. The decline in net sales in Australia was primarily the result of the negative impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations of $30.6 million, the decrease in comparable store sales of 3.4% and the impact of the 53rd week in fiscal 2017 of approximately $10.1 million. The decline in net sales in Europe was primarily due to the 7.7% decrease in comparable store sales and the impact of the 53rd week in fiscal 2017 of approximately $25.1 million, partially offset by the positive impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations of $13.6 million. 
Gross Profit
Gross profit decreased $176.8 million, or 7.1%, in fiscal 2018 compared to fiscal 2017, and gross profit as a percentage of net sales decreased to 27.9% in fiscal 2018 compared to 29.1% in fiscal 2017. Gross profit for the 53rd week included in fiscal 2017 was approximately $34.7 million. The decrease in gross profit as a percentage of net sales was primarily driven by a shift in product mix to lower margin hardware products, primarily driven by the decline in software sales, and higher software promotional activity in the fiscal 2018 holiday season.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses decreased $37.7 million, or 1.9%, in fiscal 2018 compared to fiscal 2017, primarily due to the impact of the 53rd week in fiscal 2017, a decrease in depreciation and amortization due to declining capital expenditures over the past several years, and the positive impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations.
Goodwill and Asset Impairments
During fiscal 2018, we recognized goodwill impairment charges totaling $970.7 million and asset impairment charges totaling $45.2 million. The impairment charges were primarily the result of a sustained decline in our market capitalization and lower forecasted cash flows. During fiscal 2017, we recognized asset impairment charges of $13.8 million, which was primarily comprised of an $11.0 million impairment of our Simply Mac dealer agreement intangible asset. No goodwill impairment charges were recognized during fiscal 2017. See Note 7, “Goodwill and Intangible Assets,” to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information.
Income Tax
Income tax expense was $41.7 million, representing an effective tax rate of (5.5)% in fiscal 2018, compared to $153.5 million, representing an effective tax rate of 40.0% in fiscal 2017. The decrease in the effective income tax rate compared to the prior year was primarily driven by non-deductible impairment charges, the settlement of the tax dispute in France, tax reform, revisions to transition taxes and the relative mix of earnings across the jurisdictions within which we operate. See Note 8, "Income Taxes," and Note 12, "Commitments and Contingencies," to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report for additional information.

21

Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax
On January 16, 2019, we completed the previously announced sale of all of the equity interest in our wholly-owned subsidiary Spring Communications Holding, Inc. ("Spring Mobile") to Prime Acquisition Company, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Prime Communications, L.P., pursuant to an Equity Purchase Agreement dated as of November 21, 2018. The net cash proceeds received from the sale totaled $727.9 million, which is subject to customary post-closing adjustments. We recognized a gain on sale of $100.8 million ($65.4 million, net of tax) during fiscal 2018. The historical results of Spring Mobile, including the gain on sale, is reported as discontinued operations. Except for customary post-closing adjustments and transition services, we have no contingencies or continuing involvement with Spring Mobile subsequent to the completion of the sale.
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax, totaled $121.8 million in fiscal 2018 compared to a net loss of $195.7 million in fiscal 2017. Income from discontinued operations, net of tax, in fiscal 2018 includes the gain on sale, net of tax, of $65.4 million. Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax, in fiscal 2017 includes goodwill and asset impairment charges totaling $377.0 million. Refer to Note 2, "Discontinued Operations and Dispositions," to our consolidated financial statements for additional information.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Overview
Our principal sources of liquidity are cash from operations, cash on hand and our revolving credit facility. As of February 1, 2020, we had total cash on hand of $499.4 million and an additional $270.3 million of available borrowing capacity under our $420 million revolving credit facility, which was undrawn as of February 1, 2020. Our cash on hand attributable to foreign operations totaled $207.9 million as of February 1, 2020. Although we may, from time to time, evaluate strategies and alternatives with respect to the cash attributable to our foreign operations, we currently anticipate that this cash will remain in those foreign jurisdictions and it therefore may not be available for immediate use in the United States. As of February 1, 2020, based on our current operating plans, we believe that available cash balances, cash generated from our operating activities and funds available under our revolving credit facility together will provide sufficient liquidity to fund our operations. In response to the outbreak of COVID-19, we have temporarily closed stores on a country-wide basis in Europe, primarily in Italy and France, as well as in Canada, which became effective in various points in March 2020. In the United States, effective March 22, 2020, we have temporarily closed all storefronts to customers but continue to process orders on a digital only basis, offering curbside pick-up at stores and e-commerce delivery only. As a result of these actions, we expect a significant reduction in customer traffic and demand, which will adversely impact our ability to generate cash from our operating activities. We cannot reasonably estimate the amount of this negative impact.
On an ongoing basis, we evaluate and consider certain strategic operating alternatives, including divestitures, restructuring or dissolution of unprofitable business segments, repurchasing shares of our common stock or our outstanding debt obligations, as well as other transactions that we believe may enhance stockholder value. The amount, nature and timing of any strategic operational changes, or purchases of our debt or equity securities will depend on our available cash and liquidity, operating performance and other circumstances; our then-current commitments and obligations; the amount, nature and timing of our capital requirements; any limitations imposed by our current credit arrangements; and overall market conditions. As part of our previously announced GameStop Reboot profit improvement initiative, we are evaluating future strategic and operating alternatives for certain of our unprofitable operating subsidiaries and business units that operate within our international segments. In total, we currently believe that any potential charges associated with the disposition or wind-down of certain operations under consideration, primarily relating to lease and severance obligations and accelerated depreciation and amortization, would not be material to our results of operations and financial condition.
Cash Flows
During fiscal 2019, cash used in operations was $414.5 million, compared to cash provided by operations of $325.1 million in fiscal 2018. The decrease in cash provided by operations of $739.6 million was primarily due to the timing of vendor payments and lower earnings in fiscal 2019. During fiscal 2018, cash provided by operations was $325.1 million, compared to cash provided by operations of $434.9 million in fiscal 2017. The decrease in cash provided by operations of $109.8 million from fiscal 2017 to fiscal 2018 was primarily due to lower earnings, adjusted for non-cash items, in fiscal 2018 compared to prior year.
Cash used in investing activities was $60.9 million in fiscal 2019 compared to cash provided by investing activities of $635.5 million in fiscal 2018 and cash used in fiscal 2017 of $60.6 million. The cash provided by investing activities in fiscal 2018 included $727.9 million in proceeds from the sale of Spring Mobile. The cash used in investing activities in fiscal 2017 included $58.5 million in proceeds from divestitures, primarily from the sale of Kongregate. Capital expenditures totaled $78.5 million, $93.7 million and $113.4 million in fiscal 2019, fiscal 2018 and fiscal 2017, respectively.

22

In fiscal 2019, our financing activities were a net cash outflow of $644.7 million consisting primarily of the redemption of our $350.0 million 2019 senior notes in April 2019, repurchases of our common stock totaling $198.7 million, open market repurchases of our 2021 Senior Notes totaling $53.6 million and dividends paid on our common stock of $40.5 million. In fiscal 2018, our financing activities were a net cash outflow of $174.7 million consisting primarily of dividends paid of $157.4 million and repayment of acquisition-related debt of $12.2 million. The cash flows used in financing activities in fiscal 2017 consisted primarily of dividends paid of $155.2 million, the settlement of share repurchases of $22.0 million that were initiated in fiscal 2016 and repayment of acquisition-related debt of $21.8 million. 
Sources of Liquidity
We utilize cash generated from operations and have funds available to us under our revolving credit facility to cover seasonal fluctuations in cash flows and to support our various initiatives. Our cash and cash equivalents are carried at cost and consist primarily of time deposits with commercial banks.
We maintain an asset-based revolving credit facility (the "Revolver") with a borrowing base capacity of $420 million and a maturity date of November 2022. The Revolver has a $200 million expansion feature and $50 million letter of credit sublimit, and allows for an incremental $50 million first-in, last-out facility. The applicable margins for prime rate loans range from 0.25% to 0.50% and, for London Interbank Offered ("LIBO") rate loans, range from 1.25% to 1.50%. The Revolver is secured by substantially all of our assets and the assets of our domestic subsidiaries. We are required to pay a commitment fee of 0.25% for any unused portion of the total commitment under the Revolver. As of February 1, 2020, the applicable margin was 0.25% for prime rate loans and 1.25% for LIBO rate loans. As of February 1, 2020, total availability under the Revolver was $270.3 million, with no outstanding borrowings and outstanding standby letters of credit of $7.3 million. During the first quarter of fiscal 2020, we borrowed $150 million on our Revolver.
In March 2016, we issued $475.0 million aggregate principal amount of unsecured 6.75% senior notes due March 15, 2021 (the "2021 Senior Notes"). Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year. The net proceeds from the offering were used for general corporate purposes, including acquisitions and dividends.
The agreement governing our Revolver and the indentures governing our 2021 Senior Notes place certain restrictions on us and our subsidiaries, including, among others, limitations on asset sales, additional liens, investments, incurrence of additional debt and share repurchases. In addition, the indentures governing our Revolver and 2021 Senior Notes contain customary events of default, including, among others, payment defaults, breaches of covenants and certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency and reorganization. The Revolver is also subject to a fixed charge coverage ratio covenant if excess availability is below certain thresholds. We are currently in compliance with all covenants under our indentures governing the 2021 Senior Notes and our Revolver.
See Note 10, “Debt,” to our consolidated financial statements for additional information related to our Revolver and 2021 Senior Notes.
Our Luxembourg subsidiary maintains a discretionary $20.0 million Uncommitted Line of Credit (the “Line of Credit”) with Bank of America. There is no term associated with the Line of Credit and Bank of America may withdraw the facility at any time without notice. The Line of Credit is available to our foreign subsidiaries for use primarily as a bank overdraft facility for short-term liquidity needs and for the issuance of bank guarantees and letters of credit to support operations. As of February 1, 2020, there were no cash overdrafts outstanding under the Line of Credit and bank guarantees outstanding totaled $9.0 million.
Share Repurchases
On March 4, 2019, our Board of Directors approved a new share repurchase authorization allowing our management to repurchase up to $300.0 million of our Class A Common Stock with no expiration date.
On June 11, 2019, we commenced a modified Dutch auction tender offer for up to 12.0 million shares of our Class A common stock with a price range between $5.20 and $6.00 per share. The tender offer expired on July 10, 2019. Through the tender offer, we accepted for payment 12.0 million shares at a purchase price of $5.20 per share for a total of $62.9 million, including fees and commissions. The shares purchased through the tender offer were immediately retired.
In addition to the equity tender offer described above, during the second half of fiscal 2019, we executed a series of open market repurchases for an aggregate of 26.1 million shares of our Class A common stock totaling $135.8 million, including fees and commissions. These repurchased shares were immediately retired.

In aggregate, during fiscal 2019, we repurchased a total of 38.1 million shares of our Class A common stock, totaling $198.7 million, for an average price of $5.19 per share. We did not repurchase shares during fiscal 2018 or fiscal 2017. As of February 1, 2020, we have $101.3 million remaining under the repurchase authorization.

23

Dividends
We paid cash dividends of $40.5 million, $157.4 million and $155.2 million in fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017. On June 3, 2019, our Board of Directors elected to eliminate the Company’s quarterly dividend, effective immediately, in an effort to strengthen the Company's balance sheet and provide increased financial flexibility. We believe the decision to eliminate the dividend will enable us to further reduce debt and provide us flexibility as we seek to drive value creation for stockholders.
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
The following table sets forth our contractual obligations as of February 1, 2020 (in millions):
 
 
Payments Due by Fiscal Period
 
 
Total
 
FY 2020
 
FY 2021
 
FY 2022
 
FY 2023
 
FY 2024
 
Thereafter
Operating leases
 
$
846.2

 
$
268.5

 
$
184.8

 
$
129.8

 
$
93.0

 
$
65.7

 
$
104.4

Purchase obligations(1)
 
463.5

 
463.5

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

2021 Senior Notes
 
421.4

 
—

 
421.4

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Interest payments on senior notes
 
42.6

 
28.4

 
14.2

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total(2)
 
$
1,773.7

 
$
760.4

 
$
620.4

 
$
129.8

 
$
93.0

 
$
65.7

 
$
104.4

___________________
(1)
Purchase obligations represent outstanding purchase orders for merchandise from vendors. These purchase orders are generally cancelable until shipment of the products.
(2)
As of February 1, 2020, we had $9.2 million of income tax liability related to unrecognized tax benefits in other long-term liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet. At the time of this filing, the settlement period for the noncurrent portion of our income tax liability (and the timing of any related payments) cannot be reasonably determined and therefore these liabilities are excluded from the table above. In addition, certain payments related to unrecognized tax benefits would be partially offset by reductions in payments in other jurisdictions. See Note 8, "Income Taxes," to our consolidated financial statements for further information regarding our uncertain tax positions.
We lease retail stores, warehouse facilities, office space and equipment. These are generally leased under noncancelable agreements that expire at various dates with various renewal options for additional periods. The agreements, which have been classified as operating leases, generally provide for minimum and, in some cases, percentage rentals and require us to pay all insurance, taxes and other maintenance costs. Percentage rentals are based on sales performance in excess of specified minimums at various stores.
As of February 1, 2020, we had standby letters of credit outstanding in the amount of $7.3 million and had bank guarantees outstanding in the amount of $24.6 million, of which $7.6 million is cash collateralized.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
We had no material off-balance sheet arrangements as of February 1, 2020.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND USE OF ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. In preparing these financial statements, we have made our best estimates and judgments of certain amounts included in the financial statements, giving due consideration to materiality. Changes in the estimates and assumptions used by us could have a significant impact on our financial results, and actual results could differ from those estimates. Our senior management has discussed the development and selection of these critical accounting policies, as well as the significant accounting policies disclosed in Note 1, "Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," to our consolidated financial statements, with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors. We believe the following accounting policies are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reporting of transactions and events, and the estimates these policies involve require our most difficult, subjective or complex judgments.
Valuation of Merchandise Inventories
Our merchandise inventories are carried at the lower of cost or market generally using the average cost method. Under the average cost method, as new product is received from vendors, its current cost is added to the existing cost of product on-hand and this amount is re-averaged over the cumulative units. Pre-owned video game products traded in by customers are recorded as inventory at the amount of the store credit given to the customer. In valuing inventory, we are required to make assumptions regarding the necessity of reserves required to value potentially obsolete or over-valued items at the lower of cost or market. We consider quantities on hand, recent sales, potential price protections and returns to vendors, among other factors, when making these assumptions.

24

Our ability to gauge these factors is dependent upon our ability to forecast customer demand and to provide a well-balanced merchandise assortment. Any inability to forecast customer demand properly could lead to increased costs associated with write-downs of inventory to reflect volumes or pricing of inventory which we believe represents the net realizable value. A 10% change in our obsolescence reserve percentage at February 1, 2020 would have affected net earnings by approximately $2.3 million in fiscal 2019.
Customer Liabilities
Our PowerUp Rewards loyalty program allows enrolled members to earn points on purchases in our stores and on some of our websites that can be redeemed for rewards and discounts. We allocate the transaction price between the product and loyalty points earned based on the relative stand-alone selling prices and expected point redemption. The portion allocated to the loyalty points is initially recorded as deferred revenue and subsequently recognized as revenue upon redemption or expiration. The two primary estimates utilized to record the deferred revenue for loyalty points earned by members are the estimated retail price per point and estimated amount of points that will never be redeemed, which is a concept known in the retail industry as "breakage." Additionally, we sell gift cards to our customers in our retail stores, through our website and through selected third parties. At the point of sale, a liability is established for the value of the gift card. We recognize revenue from gift cards when the card is redeemed by the customer and recognize estimated breakage on gift cards in proportion to historical redemption patterns, regardless of the age of the unredeemed gift cards.
The two primary estimates utilized to record the balance sheet liability for loyalty points earned by members are the estimated redemption rate and the estimated weighted-average retail price per point redeemed. We use historical redemption rates experienced under our loyalty program as a basis for estimating the ultimate redemption rate of points earned. The estimated retail price per point is based on the actual historical retail prices of product purchased through the redemption of loyalty points. We estimate breakage of loyalty points and unredeemed gift cards based on historical redemption rates. A weighted-average retail price per point redeemed is used to estimate the value of our deferred revenue associated with loyalty points. The weighted-average retail price per point redeemed is based on our most recent actual loyalty point redemptions and is adjusted as appropriate for recent changes in redemption values, including the mix of rewards redeemed. Our estimate of the amount and timing of gift card redemptions is based primarily on historical transaction experience.
We continually evaluate our methodology and assumptions based on developments in redemption patterns, retail price per point redeemed and other factors. Changes in the ultimate redemption rate and weighted-average retail price per point redeemed have the effect of either increasing or decreasing the deferred revenue balance through current period revenue by an amount estimated to cover the retail value of all points previously earned but not yet redeemed by loyalty program members as of the end of the reporting period. A 10% change in our customer loyalty program redemption rate or a 10% change in our weighted-average retail value per point redeemed at February 1, 2020, in each case, would have affected net earnings by approximately $2.1 million in fiscal 2019. A 10% change in our gift card breakage rate at February 1, 2020 would have affected net earnings by approximately $11.3 million in fiscal 2019.
Goodwill
Goodwill results from acquisitions and represents the excess purchase price over the net identifiable assets acquired. We are required to evaluate our goodwill for impairment at least annually or whenever indicators of impairment are present. During fiscal 2019, we recognized an impairment charge for our remaining goodwill in the amount of $363.9 million, all of which related to our United States segment. As of February 1, 2020, we had no remaining goodwill. See Note 7, "Goodwill and Intangible Assets" to our consolidated financial statements for additional information.
In order to test goodwill for impairment, we compare a reporting unit's carrying amount to its estimated fair value. If the reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its estimated fair value, then an impairment charge is recorded in the amount of the excess. In fiscal 2019, we estimated the fair value of our United States segment by using a combination of the income approach and market approach. The income approach is based on the present value of future cash flows, which are derived from our long-term financial forecasts, and requires significant assumptions including, among others, a discount rate and a terminal value. The market approach is based on the observed ratios of enterprise value to earnings of the Company and other comparable, publicly-traded companies.
Considerable management judgment is necessary to estimate the fair value of a reporting unit. The discounted cash flows analyses utilize a five- to seven-year cash flow projection with a terminal value, which are discounted using a risk-adjusted weighted-average cost of capital. The projected cash flows include numerous assumptions such as, among others, future sales trends, operating margins, store count and capital expenditures, all of which are derived from our long-term financial forecasts. The projected sales trends include estimates related to the growth rate of the digital distribution of new video game software. In addition, we corroborate the aggregate fair value of our reporting units with our market capitalization, which may impact certain assumptions in our discounted cash flows analyses.

25

Income Taxes
We account for income taxes utilizing an asset and liability approach, and deferred taxes are determined based on the estimated future tax effect of differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates. As a result of our operations in many foreign countries, our global tax rate is derived from a combination of applicable tax rates in the various jurisdictions in which we operate. We maintain accruals for uncertain tax positions until examination of the tax year is completed by the taxing authority, available review periods expire or additional facts and circumstances cause us to change our assessment of the appropriate accrual amount. Our liability for uncertain tax positions was $9.2 million as of February 1, 2020.
Additionally, a valuation allowance is recorded against a deferred tax asset if it is not more likely than not that the asset will be realized.  We assess the available positive and negative evidence to estimate whether sufficient future taxable income will be generated to permit use of the existing deferred tax assets.  Several factors are considered in evaluating the realizability of our deferred tax assets, including the remaining years available for carry forward, the tax laws for the applicable jurisdictions, the future profitability of the specific business units, and tax planning strategies.  We have therefore established valuation allowances in certain foreign jurisdictions where the Company has determined existing deferred tax assets are not more likely than not to be realized. Our valuation allowance increased to $112.7 million as of February 1, 2020. See Note 8, "Income Taxes" to our consolidated financial statements for further information regarding income taxes. We continue to evaluate the realizability of all deferred tax assets on a jurisdictional basis as it relates to expected future earnings.  Should the Company fail to achieve its expected earnings in the coming periods, it may be necessary to establish an additional valuation allowance against some or all of its deferred tax assets in those jurisdictions not currently subject to a valuation allowance.
Considerable management judgment is necessary to assess the inherent uncertainties related to the interpretations of complex tax laws, regulations and taxing authority rulings, as well as to the expiration of statutes of limitations in the jurisdictions in which we operate. We base our estimate of an annual effective tax rate at any given point in time on a calculated mix of the tax rates applicable to our operations and to estimates of the amount of income to be derived in any given jurisdiction. We file our tax returns based on our understanding of the appropriate tax rules and regulations. However, complexities in the tax rules and our operations, as well as positions taken publicly by the taxing authorities, may lead us to conclude that accruals for uncertain tax positions are required. Additionally, several factors are considered in evaluating the realizability of our deferred tax assets, including the remaining years available for carry forward, the tax laws for the applicable jurisdictions, the future profitability of the specific business units, and tax planning strategies.
Our judgments and estimates concerning uncertain tax positions may change as a result of evaluation of new information, such as the outcome of tax audits or changes to or further interpretations of tax laws and regulations. Our judgments and estimates concerning realizability of deferred tax assets could change if any of the evaluation factors change. If such changes take place, there is a risk that our effective tax rate could increase or decrease in any period, impacting our net earnings.
RECENT ACCOUNTING STANDARDS AND PRONOUNCEMENTS
See Note 1, "Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," to our consolidated financial statements for recent accounting standards and pronouncements.
ITEM 7A.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are exposed to market risk due to foreign currency and interest rate fluctuations, each as described more fully below.
Foreign Currency Risk
We use forward exchange contracts to manage currency risk primarily related to intercompany loans denominated in non-functional currencies. The forward exchange contracts are not designated as hedges and, therefore, changes in the fair values of these derivatives are recognized in earnings, thereby offsetting the current earnings effect of the re-measurement of related intercompany loans. We recognized a gain of $4.1 million and $9.6 million in selling, general and administrative expenses related to derivative instruments for the fiscal years ended February 1, 2020 and February 2, 2019, respectively. The aggregate fair value of the forward exchange contracts as of February 1, 2020 and February 2, 2019 was a net asset of $1.1 million and a net liability of $0.2 million, respectively, as measured by observable inputs obtained from market news reporting services, such as Bloomberg, and industry-standard models that consider various assumptions, including quoted forward prices, time value, volatility factors, and contractual prices for the underlying instruments, as well as other relevant economic measures. A hypothetical strengthening or weakening of 10% in the foreign exchange rates underlying the foreign currency contracts from the market rate as of February 1, 2020 would result in a gain of $10.2 million or a loss of $8.4 million in value of the forwards, options and swaps.


26



We do not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. We are exposed to counterparty credit risk on all of our derivative financial instruments and cash equivalent investments. We manage counterparty risk according to the guidelines and controls established under comprehensive risk management and investment policies. We continuously monitor our counterparty credit risk and utilize a number of different counterparties to minimize our exposure to potential defaults. We do not require collateral under derivative or investment agreements.
Interest Rate Risk
The per annum interest rate on our $420 million revolving credit facility is variable and is based on one of (i) the U.S. prime rate, (ii) LIBOR or (iii) the U.S. federal funds rate. We had no outstanding balance on our revolving credit facility as of February 1, 2020 and February 2, 2019. In 2017, the Financial Conduct Authority, the regulatory body of LIBOR, announced its intention to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. The U.S. Federal Reserve, in conjunction with the Alternative Reference Rate Committee, has proposed the replacement of U.S. dollar LIBOR rates with a new index calculated by short-term repurchase agreements backed by U.S. Treasury securities called the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). Whether or not SOFR is generally accepted as the LIBOR replacement remains in question and the future of LIBOR at this time is uncertain. Our revolving credit facility matures in November 2022, therefore, we anticipate that we will amend our revolving credit facility prior to the LIBOR quotation termination date. There can be no assurances as to what alternative reference rates may be and whether such rates will be more or less favorable than LIBOR and any other unforeseen impacts of the potential discontinuation of LIBOR.

Our Senior Notes' per annum interest rate is fixed. We do not use derivative financial instruments to hedge interest rate exposure. We limit our interest rate risks by investing our excess cash balances in short-term, highly-liquid instruments with a maturity of one year or less. We do not expect any material losses from our invested cash balances. Additionally, a hypothetical 10% adverse movement in interest rates would not have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows and we therefore believe that we do not have significant interest rate exposure.
ITEM 8.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
See Item 15(a)(1) and (2) of this Form 10-K.
ITEM 9.
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this report, our management conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act has been appropriately recorded, processed, summarized and reported on a timely basis and are effective in ensuring that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective at the reasonable assurance level. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that it will detect or uncover failures to disclose material information otherwise required to be set forth in our periodic reports.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with GAAP.

27

A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that: (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company, (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company, and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Due to inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness for future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, as of February 1, 2020, based on the Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, known as (COSO). Based on such evaluation, the Company’s management concluded that as of February 1, 2020, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective at a reasonable assurance level.
Deloitte & Touche LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of February 1, 2020. Deloitte & Touche LLP’s opinion, as stated in their report which appears on the following page, is consistent with management’s report on internal control over financial reporting as set forth above.
Remediation of Material Weaknesses
A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company's annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

As disclosed in Part II, Item 9A., “Controls and Procedures,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year 2018, we identified control deficiencies during fiscal 2018 that constituted material weaknesses relating to: (i) selecting and developing control activities that contribute to the mitigation of risks to the achievement of objectives to acceptable levels, (ii) selecting and developing control activities over information technology that contribute to the mitigation of risks and support achievement of objectives and (iii) deploying information technology control activities through policies that establish what is expected and procedures that put policies into action. Specifically, these control deficiencies primarily related to end-user and privileged access to certain information technology systems that support our financial reporting process.

In fiscal 2019, management implemented a remediation plan, which included establishing and improving policies, procedures and control activities primarily associated with end-user and privileged access to certain information technology systems that support our financial reporting process. We completed testing of the remediated and implemented control activities during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019, and we have concluded that the previously identified material weaknesses have been remediated as of February 1, 2020.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Upon adoption of ASU 2016-02, Leases, on February 3, 2019, we implemented changes in our internal controls over financial reporting by implementing new accounting processes, systems and control procedures for lease accounting. Other than the changes related to our remediation efforts described above and adoption of ASU 2016-02, there were no other changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during our fiscal quarter ended February 1, 2020, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.


28

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM


To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of GameStop Corp.
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of GameStop Corp. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of February 1, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of February 1, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the 52 week period ended February 1, 2020, of the Company and our report dated March 27, 2020, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements and included an explanatory paragraph regarding the Company's adoption of a new accounting standard.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.


/s/  DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

Dallas, Texas  
March 27, 2020  



29

ITEM 9B.
OTHER INFORMATION
None.
PART III
ITEM 10.
DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE*
Code of Ethics
We have adopted a Code of Ethics for Senior Financial and Executive Officers that is applicable to our Executive Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Merchandising Officer, Chief Customer Officer, Chief Accounting Officer, any Executive Vice President, Senior Vice President and any Vice President employed in a finance or accounting role. We have also adopted a Code of Standards, Ethics and Conduct applicable to all of our management-level employees, including managing directors and finance directors in our foreign subsidiaries. Each of the Code of Ethics and Code of Standards, Ethics and Conduct are available on our website at www.gamestop.com.
In accordance with SEC rules, we intend to disclose any amendment (other than any technical, administrative, or other non-substantive amendment) to either of the above Codes, or any waiver of any provision thereof with respect to any of the executive officers listed in the paragraph above, on our website (www.gamestop.com) within four business days following such amendment or waiver.
ITEM 11.
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION*
ITEM 12.
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS*
ITEM 13.
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE*
ITEM 14.
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES*
* The information not otherwise provided herein that is required by Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 will be set forth in the definitive proxy statement relating to our 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on or around June 12, 2020 which is to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. This definitive proxy statement relates to a meeting of stockholders involving the election of directors and the portions therefrom required to be set forth in this Form 10-K by Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 are incorporated herein by reference pursuant to General Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K.

30

PART IV
ITEM 15.
EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE
(a)
The following documents are filed as a part of this Form 10-K:
(1)
Index and Consolidated Financial Statements
The list of consolidated financial statements set forth in the accompanying Index to Consolidated Financial Statements at page F-1 herein is incorporated herein by reference. Such consolidated financial statements are filed as part of this Form 10-K.
(2)
Financial Statement Schedules required to be filed by Item 8 of this Form 10-K:
The following financial statement schedule for the 52 weeks ended February 1, 2020, 52 weeks ended February 2, 2019 and the 53 weeks ended February 3, 2018 is filed as part of this Form 10-K and should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-K. All other schedules are omitted because they are not applicable.
(b)
Exhibits
The information required by this Section (b) of Item 15 is set forth on the Exhibit Index that follows the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-K.
Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
For the 52 weeks ended February 1, 2020, 52 weeks ended February 2, 2019 and the 53 weeks ended February 3, 2018: 
  
 
Balance at
Beginning
of Period
 
Charged to
Costs and
Expenses
 
Charged
to Other
Accounts-
Accounts
Payable (1)
 
Deductions-
Write-Offs
Net of
Recoveries (2)
 
Balance at
End of
Period
 
 
(In millions)
Inventory Reserve(3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
52 Weeks Ended February 1, 2020
 
$
69.4

 
$
35.4

 
$
20.5

 
$
(67.3
)
 
$
58.0

52 Weeks Ended February 2, 2019
 
$
59.2

 
$
50.1

 
$
46.7

 
$
(86.6
)
 
$
69.4

53 Weeks Ended February 3, 2018
 
$
59.0

 
$
57.3

 
$
50.7

 
$
(107.8
)
 
$
59.2

Valuation Allowance for Deferred Tax Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
52 Weeks Ended February 1, 2020
 
$
32.9

 
$
83.1

 
$
—

 
$
(3.3
)
 
$
112.7

52 Weeks Ended February 2, 2019
 
$
36.9

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
(4.0
)
 
$
32.9

53 Weeks Ended February 3, 2018
 
$
39.4

 
$
3.6

 
$
—

 
$
(6.1
)
 
$
36.9

___________________
(1)
Consists primarily of amounts received from vendors for defective allowances.
(2)
The 52 weeks ended February 1, 2020 includes the disposition of $0.3 million of Simply Mac inventory reserves as of the date of the sale. The 52 weeks ended February 2, 2019 includes the disposition of $3.6 million of Spring Mobile inventory reserves as of the date of the sale.
(3)
Includes inventory reserve activity related to Simply Mac and Spring Mobile. Simply Mac was sold in September 2019 and Spring Mobile was sold in January 2019.
ITEM 16.
FORM 10-K SUMMARY
None.

31

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Form 10-K to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. 
 
GAMESTOP CORP.
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ GEORGE E. SHERMAN
 
 
George E. Sherman
 
 
Chief Executive Officer
Date: March 27, 2020
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Form 10-K has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Name
  
Capacity
 
Date
 
 
 
/s/    GEORGE E. SHERMAN
  
Chief Executive Officer
 
March 27, 2020
George E. Sherman
 
(Principal Executive Officer)
 
 
 
 
 
/s/    DANIEL A. DEMATTEO
  
Executive Chairman and Director
 
March 27, 2020
Daniel A. DeMatteo
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/    JAMES A. BELL
  
Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
 
March 27, 2020
James A. Bell
 
(Principal Financial Officer)
 
 
 
 
 
/s/    BERNARD R. COLPITTS, JR.
  
Senior Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer
 
March 27, 2020
Bernard R. Colpitts, Jr.
 
(Principal Accounting Officer)
 
 
 
 
 
/s/    JEROME L. DAVIS
  
Director
 
March 27, 2020
Jerome L. Davis
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/    LIZABETH DUNN
  
Director
 
March 27, 2020
Lizabeth Dunn
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/   RAUL J. FERNANDEZ
  
Director
 
March 27, 2020
Raul J. Fernandez
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/    THOMAS N. KELLY JR.        
 
Director
 
March 27, 2020
Thomas N. Kelly Jr.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/    STEVEN R. KOONIN
  
Director
 
March 27, 2020
Steven R. Koonin
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/    GERALD R. SZCZEPANSKI 
  
Director
 
March 27, 2020
Gerald R. Szczepanski
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/    CARRIE W. TEFFNER
  
Director
 
March 27, 2020
Carrie W. Teffner
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/    KATHY P. VRABECK        
  
Director
 
March 27, 2020
Kathy P. Vrabeck
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/    LAWRENCE S. ZILAVY        
  
Director
 
March 27, 2020
Lawrence S. Zilavy
 
 
 
 

32

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
 
Page
GameStop Corp. Consolidated Financial Statements:
 
Consolidated Financial Statements:
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements:
 
18. Subsequent Events


F-1

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of GameStop Corp.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of GameStop Corp. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of February 1, 2020 and February 2, 2019, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), stockholders' equity, and cash flows, for 52 week period ended February 1, 2020, for the 52 week period ended February 2, 2019 and for the 53 week period ended February 3, 2018 and the related notes and the schedule listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of February 1, 2020 and February 2, 2019 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the 52 week period ended February 1, 2020, 52 week period ended February 2, 2019 and 53 week period ended February 3, 2018 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of February 1, 2020, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 27, 2020, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
Change in Accounting Principle
As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, effective February 3, 2019, the Company adopted FASB ASC Topic 842, Leases, using the modified retrospective approach.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.


/s/  DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

Dallas, Texas  
March 27, 2020  

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2013.








F-2

GAMESTOP CORP.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in millions, except par value per share)
 
 
February 1,
2020
 
February 2,
2019
ASSETS
 
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
499.4

 
$
1,624.4

Receivables, net
 
141.9

 
134.2

Merchandise inventories, net
 
859.7

 
1,250.5

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
120.9